Characterizing linear mappings through zero products or zero Jordan products (Q2151160): Difference between revisions

Authors deal with an associative algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) over the complex field \(\mathbb{C}\), and with an \(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule \(\mathcal{M}\). The paper starts with quite a lot of definions: For each \(a, b\) in \(\mathcal{A}\) the authors define the Jordan product, a Jordan derivation and an involution on an algebra \(A\), \(*\)-algebra, and an \(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule \(\mathcal{M}\). An algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) equipped with an involution is called a \(*\)-algebra. If \(\mathcal{A}\) is a \(*\)-algebra, then an \(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule \(\mathcal{M}\) is called a \(*\)-\(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule if \(\mathcal{M}\) is equipped with a \(*\)-mapping from \(\mathcal{M}\) into itself, such that \[ (\lambda m +\mu n)^*=\bar{\lambda}m^*+\bar{\mu}n^*,~ (am)^*=m^*a^*,~ (ma)^*=a^*m^*,~ \text{and}~ (m^*)^*=m, \] where \(a \in \mathcal{A}\), \(m,n \in \mathcal{M}\) and \(\lambda, \mu \in \mathbb{C}\). An element \(a\in \mathcal{A}\) is called self-adjoint if \(a^*=a\); an element \(p \in \mathcal{A}\) is called idempotent if \(p^2=p\); and \(p\) is called projection if \(p\) is both a self-adjoint element and an idempotent.\par In Section 2, the authors suppose that \(\mathcal{A}\) is a \(*\)-algebra and \(\mathcal{M}\) is a \(*\)-\(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule. A derivation \(\delta\) from \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\mathcal{M}\) is called a \(*\)-derivation if \(\delta(a^*)=\delta(a)^*\) for every \(a \in \mathcal{A}\). Every derivation \(\delta\) is a linear combination of two \(*\)-derivations. The authors define a linear mapping \(\hat{\delta}\) from \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\mathcal{M}\) by \(\hat{\delta}(a) = \delta(a^*)^*\) for every \(a \in \mathcal{A}\). The \(^*\)-Jordan derivation is defined similarly.\par For both \(^*\)-derivations and \(^*\)-Jordan derivations, the authors give two characteristic conditions on a linear mapping \(\delta\) from a \(^*\)-algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) into its \(^*\)-bimodule \(\mathcal{M}\). They investigate whether the linear mappings from \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\mathcal{M}\) satisfy these conditions. \par A (Banach) algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) is said to be zero product determined if every (continuous) bilinear mapping \(\phi\) from \(\mathcal{A}\times \mathcal{A}\) into any (Banach) linear space \(\chi\) satisfying \[ \phi(a, b) = 0~ \text{whenever}~ ab = 0 \] can be written as \(\phi(a, b) = T (ab)\) for some (continuous) linear mapping \(T\) from \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\chi\).\par If \(\mathcal{A}\) is a Banach \(^*\)-algebra, then a bounded approximate identity for \(\mathcal{A}\) is a net \((e_i)_{i\in \Gamma}\) of self-adjoint elements in \(\mathcal{A}\) such that \(\displaystyle{\lim_i} \vert \vert ae_i-a\vert \vert = \displaystyle{\lim_i} \vert \vert e_ia-a\vert \vert =0\) for every \(a\in \mathcal{A}\) and \(\sup_{i\in \Gamma} \vert \vert e_i \vert \vert \leq k\) for some \(k >0\).\par The authors state and prove a theorem about the existence of \(^*\)-derivation in the case that \(\mathcal{A}\) is a unital \(^*\)-algebra, or if \(\mathcal{M}\) is a dual \(^*-\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule. They prove also two corollaries and another Theorem that is valid for von Neumann algebras. They distinguish three cases:\par \(\mathcal{A}\) is an abelian von Neumann algebra.\par \(\mathcal{A}\cong M_n(\mathcal{B})\), where \(\mathcal{B}\) is also a von Neumann algebra and \(n\geq 2\).\par \(\mathcal{A}\) is a von Neumann algebra without abelian direct summands.\par The authors characterize the linear mappings \(\delta\) that satisfy condition \[ a, b \in \mathcal{A},~ ab^* = 0 \Rightarrow a \delta (b)^*+\delta(a)b^*= 0 \] from a unital \(^*\)-algebra into a unital \(^*-A\)-bimodule with a right or left separating set.\par The last section is devoted to \(^*\)-Jordan derivations on some algebras. A (Banach) algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) is said to be zero Jordan product determined if every (continuous) bilinear mapping \(\phi\) from \(\mathcal{A} \times \mathcal{A}\) into any (Banach) linear space \(\chi\) satisfying \[\phi(a, b) = 0 ~ \text{whenever}~ a \circ b = 0 \] can be written as \(\phi(a, b) = T (a \circ b)\) for some (continuous) linear mapping \(T\) from \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\chi\).\par The authors suppose that \(\mathcal{A}\) is a \(^*\)-algebra and \(\mathcal{M}\) is a \(^*\)-\(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule that satisfy one of the following conditions:\par (1) \(\mathcal{A}\) is a unital zero Jordan product determined \(^*\)-algebra and \(\mathcal{M}\) is a unital \(^*\)-\(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule;\par (2) \(\mathcal{A}\) is a unital \(^*\)-algebra and \(\mathcal{M}\) is a unital \(^*\)-\(\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule such that \[ \{m \in \mathcal{M}:~ xmx = 0~ \text{for}\; \text{every}~ x \in \mathcal{J}\} = {0}. \] \par (3) \(\mathcal{A}\) is a \(C^*\)-algebra (not necessary unital) and \(\mathcal{M}\) is an essential Banach \(^*-\mathcal{A}\)-bimodule.\par The authors investigate the property of linear mappings from \(\mathcal{A}\) into \(\mathcal{M}\) and characterize their \(^*\)-Jordan derivations.