Characterizing singularities of varieties and of mappings (Q581474): Difference between revisions

Let \((X,0)\subset ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\) be a singularity (i.e. a complex germ) given as the fibre of a holomorphic map \(f: ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\to ({\mathbb{C}}^ p,0).\) For any smooth manifold germ \(S\subset ({\mathbb{C}}^ p,0)\) let \(j_ S(f)=(\partial f/\partial s_ 1,...,\partial f/\partial s_ k)\subset {\mathcal O}^ p_ n\) be the \({\mathcal O}_ n\)-submodule of \({\mathcal O}^ p_ n\), generated by the partials of f with respect to the coordinates \(s_ 1,...,s_ k\) of S. Let \(Z\subset ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\) be any smooth subgerm such that \(({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)=S\times Z\) and define \(T_ Sf=(f){\mathcal O}^ p_ n+m_ nj_ S(f)+j_ Z(f)\subset {\mathcal O}^ p_ n\). The authors like to call the set of singular points \(X_{\sin g}\) of (X,0) together with the sheaf \({\mathcal O}^ p_ n/T_ sf\) the ``singular subspace of (X,0) in direction of S'' and denote it by \(Sing_ S(X,0)\). But note that \({\mathcal O}^ p_ n/T_ Sf\) is concentrated on \(X_{\sin g}\) iff (X,0) is a complete intersection of codimension p. If \((Y,0)\subset ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\) is another singularity given by g and if \(T\subset ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\) is another smooth germ, then \(Sing_ S(X,0)\) and \(Sing_ T(Y,0)\) are by definition isomorphic, if there exists a coordinate change \(\phi: ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\to ({\mathbb{C}}^ n,0)\) sending S to T such that \({\mathcal O}^ p_ n/T_ S(g\circ \phi)\cong {\mathcal O}^ p_ n/T_ S(f).\) The main theorem states, that if S contains the stratum along which \(Sing_ S(X,0)\) is trivial, then \[ (X,0) \cong (Y,0) \Leftrightarrow \text{Sing}_ S(X,0) \cong \text{Sing}_ T(Y,0). \] In particular, taking \(S={\mathbb{C}}^ n\), it follows that (X,0) is determined by \(Sing_{{\mathbb{C}}^ n}(X,0)\). Note that \(T_{{\mathbb{C}}_ n}f\) is the tangent space to the contact orbit of f. Another special case: Let (X,0) be a complete intersection with isolated singularity, (Y,0) arbitrary and \(S=\{0\}\). Then (X,0)\(\cong (Y,0)\) iff the finite dimensional vector spaces \({\mathcal O}^ p_ n/(f){\mathcal O}^ p_ n+j(f) (=T^ 1_{(X,0)})\) and \({\mathcal O}^ p_ n/(g){\mathcal O}^ p_ n+j(g)\) are isomorphic as \({\mathcal O}_ n\)-modules over a certain algebra isomorphism of \({\mathcal O}_ n\). This generalizes the result of \textit{J. N. Mather} and \textit{S. S.-T. Yau} in Invent. Math. 69, 243-251 (1982; Zbl 0499.32008) for hypersurfaces. More generally, within the class of arbitrary isolated singularities, (X,0) is analytically determined by \(Sing_{\{0\}}(X,0)\). But note that the support of \(Sing_{\{0\}}(X,0)\) has the same dimension as (X,0) if (X,0) is not a complete intersection. (Note that proposition 1 is not proven in the paper ``[Ephraim]'' cited by the author and seems to be unknown. For the main theorem this is however not essential). As main new ingredient in the proof, the authors use the division theorem for modules. Part two of the paper is devoted to proving similar results for map germs with respect to right-left equivalence.