Finite modules over non-semisimple group rings. (Q1769169): Difference between revisions

If \(G\) is an Abelian group of order \(n\), \(\chi\) a character of \(G\) and \(R\) a commutative ring containing all \(n\)-th roots of unity, then there are two possibilities of defining a \(\chi\)-eigenspace of a finite \(R[G]\)-module \(M\): \(M^\chi=\{m\in M:\sigma m=\chi(\sigma)m\}\) and \(\varepsilon_\chi M\) with \(\varepsilon_\chi=\sum_\sigma\chi(\sigma^{-1})\sigma\). They differ by \(H^0_\chi(G,M)\overset{\text{def}}=H^0(G,M_{\overline\chi})\) (Tate cohomology group; \(M_{\overline\chi}\) the \(\overline\chi\)-twist of \(M\)). The first theorem states that, for cyclic \(G\), \[ |M|=\prod_\chi|\varepsilon_\chi M|\cdot\prod_\chi|S_\chi(M)|=\prod_\chi|M^\chi|\Biggl(\prod_\chi |H^0_\chi(G, M)/S_\chi(M)|\Biggr)^{-1} \] with explicitly given submodules \(S_\chi(M)\) of \(H^0_\chi(G,M)\). Using [\textit{E. Aljadeff}, Isr. J. Math. 86, No. 1-3, 221-232 (1994; Zbl 0830.13004) and \textit{E. Aljadeff} and \textit{Y. Ginosar}, J. Algebra 179, No. 2, 599-606 (1996; Zbl 0844.16019)] the author derives from this that, given a finite group \(G\) and a \(G\)-module \(M\), \(M\) is cohomologically trivial iff \(H^i(H,M)=H^{i+1}(H,M)=0\) for every \(p\)-elementary Abelian subgroup \(H\) of \(G\), where \(i\) may depend on \(p\). If the Sylow subgroups of \(G\) are cyclic or generalized quaternion groups, then \(M\) is cohomologically trivial precisely when \(H^{-1}(H,M)=H^0(H,M)=0\) for all \(H\leq G\) of prime order. Consequences (of which just a few will be mentioned) are: (1) Let \(K/F\) be a cyclic degree \(n\) extension of global fields and \(A\) an Abelian variety defined over \(F\) with complex multiplication by \(\mathbb{Z}[\zeta_n]\). Assume that \(\text ш(A_K)\) is finite, \(H^i_\chi(G_{K/F},A(K))=H^i_\chi(G_{K/F},A^t(K))=0\) (\(\forall i,\chi\)) and that \(A(F_v)\) is connected for all real primes \(v\) of \(F\). Then \[ \text ш(A_K)|=\prod_\chi|\textш(A^\chi_F)\cdot\prod_\chi|S_\chi(\textш(A_K))|. \] (2) Class number relations as e.g. if \(K/F\) is a finite Galois extension of number fields with \(\exp(G_{K/F})=2\), then \({h_K\over h_F}=2^t\prod_{\chi\neq 1}|\varepsilon\text{cl}_K|\) for some \(t\in\mathbb{N}\). (3) If \(G\) is cyclic and if \(M\) is a finite \(R[G]\)-module, then \(H^0_\psi(H,M)=0\) (\(\forall H\leq G\) of prime order, \(\forall\psi\in H^*\)) implies \(|M|=\prod_\chi|M^\chi|=\prod_\chi|\varepsilon_\chi M|\). Work related to parts of the paper is [\textit{C. D. Gonzalez-Avilés}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 128, No. 4, 953-961 (2000; Zbl 0982.11036)].