An infinite set of exotic \({\mathbb{R}}^ 4\)'s. (Q1056961): Difference between revisions

We contruct an infinite family of distinct smooth manifolds homeomorphic to \({\mathbb{R}}^ 4\). In particular, we obtain a family \(\{R_{m,n} | m,n=0,1,2,...,\infty \}\) of exotic \({\mathbb{R}}^ 4\)'s such that \(R_{m,n}\) admits an orientation-preserving smooth embedding in \(R_{m',n'}\) if and only if \(m\leq m'\) and \(n\leq n'\). \((R_{m,n}=R_{n,m}\) with reversed orientation.) This family is constructed inductively. Each \(R_{m,n}\) is constructed so that it contains a compact handlebody which cannot embed in \(R_{m',n'}\) for \(m'<m\) or \(n'<n\). The nonembedding property is proven by the following method: If the handlebody could be embedded in \(R_{m',n'}\), we could complete a certain smooth surgery problem. This would allow us to construct a counterexample to Donaldson's Theorem on the nonexistence of certain definite manifolds. (This technique was first used by Freedman and Taylor to obtain results about their universal \({\mathbb{R}}^ 4.)\) A section has been added, subsequent to Taubes' generalization of Donaldson's Theorem to open 4-manifolds with ''periodic'' ends. This theorem implies (by an observation of Freedman) a one-parameter (\({\mathbb{R}})\) family of distinct exotic \({\mathbb{R}}^ 4\)'s. We describe the requisite ''furling'' argument in detail, and generalize the result to obtain a 2-parameter family \(\{R'_{s,t} | 1\leq s,t\leq \infty \}\) with embedding properties analogous to those of \(\{R_{m,n}\}\).