Exact meromorphic solutions of Schwarzian differential equations (Q2069646): Difference between revisions

If the autonomous Schwarzian differential equation \[ S(f, z)^{p}=R(f)=\frac{P(f)}{Q(f)}, \] where \(P\) and \(Q\) are co-prime polynomials with constant coefficients, admits a transcendental meromorphic solution, then by \textit{K. Ishizaki} [J. Aust. Math. Soc., Ser. A 50, No. 2, 258--278 (1991; Zbl 0733.34009)] this equation can be transformed, by a suitable Möbius transformation \(u=(a f+b) /(c f+\) \(d)\), \(a d-b c \neq 0\), into one of the equations \[ \begin{aligned} S&(u, z)=c \frac{\left(u-\sigma_{1}\right)\left(u-\sigma_{2}\right)\left(u-\sigma_{3}\right)\left(u-\sigma_{4}\right)}{\left(u-\tau_{1}\right)\left(u-\tau_{2}\right)\left(u-\tau_{3}\right)\left(u-\tau_{4}\right)} \\ S&(u, z)^{3}=c \frac{\left(u-\sigma_{1}\right)^{3}\left(u-\sigma_{2}\right)^{3}}{\left(u-\tau_{1}\right)^{3}\left(u-\tau_{2}\right)^{2}\left(u-\tau_{3}\right)} \\ S&(u, z)^{3}=c \frac{\left(u-\sigma_{1}\right)^{3}\left(u-\sigma_{2}\right)^{3}}{\left(u-\tau_{1}\right)^{2}\left(u-\tau_{2}\right)^{2}\left(u-\tau_{3}\right)^{2}} \\ S&(u, z)^{2}=c \frac{\left(u-\sigma_{1}\right)^{2}\left(u-\sigma_{2}\right)^{2}}{\left(u-\tau_{1}\right)^{2}\left(u-\tau_{2}\right)\left(u-\tau_{3}\right)} \\ S&(u, z)=c \frac{\left(u-\sigma_{1}\right)\left(u-\sigma_{2}\right)}{\left(u-\tau_{1}\right)\left(u-\tau_{2}\right)} \\ S&(u, z)=c, \end{aligned} \] where \(c \in \mathbb{C}\), \(\tau_j\) are distinct constants, and \(\sigma_{j}\) are constants, not necessarily distinct, and \(j=\) \(1, \dots, 4\). In the paper under review the authors obtain explicit forms, in terms of elliptic and elementary functions, of all transcendental meromorphic solutions of five of the six equations above. In addition, the authors characterize all transcendental meromorphic solutions that are locally injective or possess a Picard exceptional value, for the remaining equation \[ S(u, z)=c \frac{\left(u-\sigma_{1}\right)\left(u-\sigma_{2}\right)}{\left(u-\tau_{1}\right)\left(u-\tau_{2}\right)}. \]