Gevrey smooth topology is proper to detect normalization under Siegel type small divisor conditions (Q343656): Difference between revisions

The author considers the normal form problem, in the Gevrey-\(\alpha\) smooth category, for the differential system \[ \frac{dx}{dt}=Dx+Nx+R(x), \;\;\;x \in \mathbb{C}^d, \leqno{(1)} \] where \(D={\mathrm{diag}} ( \lambda_1, \ldots, \lambda_d )\), \(N\) is nilpotent and \(R\) contains all higher-order nonlinearities. Its formal normal form is of type \[ \frac{dx}{dt}=Dx+Nx+\widehat{R}(x), \] for \(\widehat{R} \in \mathbb{C}^d [[x]]\) a formal Taylor series, and \(q\) denotes the lowest degree in \(Nx + \widehat{R}(x)\). Of course, the formal linearization corresponds to \(q \to \infty\). In general, the worst case is when \(D \neq 0\) and \(q = 1\), which prevents the convergence of formal transformations. Two conditions are introduced for the resonances of the system: {\parindent=10mm \begin{itemize}\item[(C1)] There exists a positive constant \(c\) such that \(|\langle k , \lambda \rangle -\lambda_j| \geq c|k|\) on \(\Omega_{nr}= \{ (k,j)\mid |k| \geq 2, \langle k, \lambda \rangle -\lambda_j \neq 0 \}\). \item[(C2)] The linear part matrix is diagonal, {i.e.,} \(N = 0\) and there exist a positive constant \(c\) and a constant \(\mu > -1\) such that \(|\langle k, \lambda \rangle -\lambda_j| \geq c|k|^{-\mu}\) on \(\Omega_{nr}\). \end{itemize}} The condition (C1) stems from the Poincaré domain. Condition (C2) implies the restriction \(q \geq 2\). When \(\mu > 0\), it agrees with the classical Siegel small divisor condition. When \(\mu = 0\), it is satisfied by complete integrable systems. If \(-1 \leq \mu < 0\) then the polynomial formal normal form exists. The main results of the paper are summarized in Theorem 1.