On the topology of locally 2-connected Peano continua (Q422043): Difference between revisions

C.~Thomassen gives in his papers several results concerning locally (2-)connected, compact, connected metrizable spaces. The authors of the present paper provide alternative approaches to study 2-connected metric spaces and generalize Thomassen's results to locally compact spaces. The main results of paper are: Theorem. Let \(X\) be a locally 2-connected, locally planar, locally compact metric space. Then \(X\) is a closed subset of a surface \(M_X\) whose boundary \(\partial M_X = \sqcup_{i \in I}{\mathbb R}\) consist of a sequence (possibly empty or finite) of copies of the Euclidean line. Moreover, the inclusion \(i : X \subset M_X\) induces homeomorphism \(i_*: {\mathcal{F}} (X)\cong {\mathcal{F}} (M_X)\) between the Freudenthal end spaces. Theorem. A 1-dimensional metric space \(Y\) embeds as a closed set of \(X\) if and only if \(Y\) does so in \(M_X\). Moreover, given a (closed) embedding \(\psi : Y \to M_X\), the embedding \(\varphi : Y \to X\) can be chosen in such a way that the homeomorphism \(i_*: {\mathcal{F}} (X) \cong {\mathcal{F}} (M_X)\) restricts to a homeomorphism \(\overline{\varphi(Y)} \cap {\mathcal{F}} (X) \cong \overline{\psi(y)} \cap {\mathcal{F}} (M_X)\). Here the closures are taken in the corresponding Freudenthal compactifications. Theorem. Let \(X\) be a locally 2-connected generalized Peano continuum. The following statements are equivalent: {\parindent=6mm\begin{itemize} \item[(a)] \(X\) is not locally planar at \(p \in X\). \item [(b)] There is an embedding \(\varphi : L_1 \to X\) such that \(\varphi(p_1) = p\). \item [(c)] There is an embedding \(\varphi : L_2 \to X\) with \(\varphi(p_2) = p\). \end{itemize}} \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) in the previous theorem are curves introduced by \textit{S.~Claytor} in [Ann. Math. (2) 38, 631--646 (1937; Zbl 0017.19002; JFM 63.0564.02)].