Sharp Adams type inequalities in Sobolev spaces \(W^{m,\frac{n}{m}}(\mathbb R^n)\) for arbitrary integer \(m\) (Q436285): Difference between revisions

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^n\), where \(n\) is a positive integer. If \(\nabla\) is the gradient operator and \(\Delta\) denotes the Laplacian operator, then the Sobolev space \(W^{m,p}(\Omega)\) is defined for a positive integer \(m\) and a real number \(p\geq 1\) by \[ \{u\in L^p(\Omega): \nabla^j(u)\in L^p(\Omega),\;j= 1,2,\dots,m,\text{ and }\| u\|_{\Omega^{m,p}}<\infty\}, \] where \[ L^p(\Omega)= \{\text{measurable }u:\| u\|_p< \infty\},\;\| u\|_p= \Biggl(\int_\Omega |u(x)|^p dx\Biggr)^{1/p}, \] and \[ \| u\|_{\Omega^{m,p}}=\| u\|_p+ \sum^m_{j=1} \|\nabla^j(u)\|_p. \] It is convenient to define \(\nabla^m(u)\) by \(\nabla^m(u)= \nabla^{{1\over 2}m}(u)\) if \(m\) is an even number, (\(=\nabla\nabla^{m-1}(u)\) if \(m\) is an odd number). The main theorems of this paper include the following statements: (1) If \(m= 2k+1\) is an odd integer, \(m<n\), and if the function \(\phi\) has the form \[ \phi(t)= e^t- \sum^\kappa_{j=1} (t^j/j!);\quad \kappa=\min\{j\geq 1: j> n/m\}, \] then the constant \(\beta(n,m)\) may be defined in terms of gamma function expressions such that \[ \sup\Biggl\{\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \phi\{\beta(n, m)|u(x)|^{n/(n-m)}\}\,dx< \infty: u\in W^{m,n/m}(\mathbb{R}^n),\;P_k(u)\leq 1\Biggr\}< \infty, \] where \(P_k(u)= \|\nabla(- \Delta+ 1)^k u\|^r_r+\|(- \Delta+ 1)^ku\|^r_r\), \(r= n/m\). (2) If \(m= 2k+1\) is an odd integer or \(m= 2h\), an even integer, then for \(\tau>0\), \[ \begin{multlined}\sup\Biggl\{\int_{\mathbb{R}^{2m}}\{(\exp\beta(2m, m)|u(x)|^2)- 1\}\,dx<\infty: u\in W^{m,2}(\mathbb{R}^{2m}),\\ P_{k,\tau}(u)\leq 1\;(\text{or }P^0_h(u)\leq 1)\Biggr\} < \infty,\end{multlined} \] where \(P_{k,\tau}(u)= \|\nabla(- \Delta+\tau)^k u\|^2_2+ \|(-\Delta+ \tau)^ku\|^2_2\), \(P^0_h(u)= \|(-\Delta+ \tau)^h u\|^2_2\). References of the paper include papers which contain results involving inclusions of Sobolev spaces in Lebesgue or Orlicz spaces.