On rigidity of Nichols algebras (Q494111): Difference between revisions

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A braided vector space \((V,c)\) is a vector space \(V\) with a vector space isomorphism \(c:V\otimes V\to V\otimes V\) that satisfies the braid relation. The Nichols algebra \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) of \((V,c)\) is the (up to isomorphism) unique graded braided bialgebra \(\mathcal{B}=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}\mathcal{B}_n\) such that \(\mathcal{B}_0\) coincides with the ground field of \(V\), \(\mathcal{B}_1=V\), \(c\) is the restriction of the braiding of \(\mathcal{B}\) to \(V\), \(\mathcal{B}\) is generated by \(V\) as an algebra, and the space of primitive elements of \(\mathcal{B}\) is \(V\). An important and difficult problem is to characterize for which finite-dimensional braided vector spaces the associated Nichols algebra is also finite-dimensional. The finite-dimensionality of the Nichols algebra puts severe restrictions on the braiding. For example, in the case of Lie superalgebras obtained via the signed flip \(c\) on a \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded vector space \(V\), the Nichols algebra \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) is finite-dimensional if, and only if, the even part of \(V\) is zero. In this case, \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) is the exterior algebra of \(V\) which is rigid, that is, it does not admit any non-trivial graded deformations as a braided bialgebra. The authors believe that quite often finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are rigid. Note that Radford biproducts (or bosonizations) of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are not always rigid. This can be seen, for example, from the Andruskiewitsch-Schneider classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with commuting group-like elements, since these Hopf algebras can be obtained as graded bialgebra deformations of such Radford biproducts. Using the classification of finite-dimensional cotriangular Hopf algebras due to Etingof and Gelaki, it is shown that for a wide class of symmetric braidings finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are rigid. Using similar cohomological methods as in a paper by the third author and \textit{S. Witherspoon} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 213, No. 7, 1399--1417 (2009; Zbl 1169.16024)], the authors provide a sufficient condition for the rigidity of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras. It follows from this criterion and the description of the finite-dimensional Nichols algebras in the Yetter-Drinfeld category over a commutative group algebra in terms of generators and relations obtained previously by the first author [J. Reine Angew. Math. 683, 189--251 (2013; Zbl 1331.16023)] that these algebras are rigid. As a consequence, Nichols algebras of diagonal type with a finite root system are rigid as well. In the final section more applications to some infinite-dimensional Nichols algebras and other braided bialgebras closely related to Nichols algebras are given.
Property / review text: A braided vector space \((V,c)\) is a vector space \(V\) with a vector space isomorphism \(c:V\otimes V\to V\otimes V\) that satisfies the braid relation. The Nichols algebra \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) of \((V,c)\) is the (up to isomorphism) unique graded braided bialgebra \(\mathcal{B}=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}\mathcal{B}_n\) such that \(\mathcal{B}_0\) coincides with the ground field of \(V\), \(\mathcal{B}_1=V\), \(c\) is the restriction of the braiding of \(\mathcal{B}\) to \(V\), \(\mathcal{B}\) is generated by \(V\) as an algebra, and the space of primitive elements of \(\mathcal{B}\) is \(V\). An important and difficult problem is to characterize for which finite-dimensional braided vector spaces the associated Nichols algebra is also finite-dimensional. The finite-dimensionality of the Nichols algebra puts severe restrictions on the braiding. For example, in the case of Lie superalgebras obtained via the signed flip \(c\) on a \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded vector space \(V\), the Nichols algebra \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) is finite-dimensional if, and only if, the even part of \(V\) is zero. In this case, \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) is the exterior algebra of \(V\) which is rigid, that is, it does not admit any non-trivial graded deformations as a braided bialgebra. The authors believe that quite often finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are rigid. Note that Radford biproducts (or bosonizations) of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are not always rigid. This can be seen, for example, from the Andruskiewitsch-Schneider classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with commuting group-like elements, since these Hopf algebras can be obtained as graded bialgebra deformations of such Radford biproducts. Using the classification of finite-dimensional cotriangular Hopf algebras due to Etingof and Gelaki, it is shown that for a wide class of symmetric braidings finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are rigid. Using similar cohomological methods as in a paper by the third author and \textit{S. Witherspoon} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 213, No. 7, 1399--1417 (2009; Zbl 1169.16024)], the authors provide a sufficient condition for the rigidity of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras. It follows from this criterion and the description of the finite-dimensional Nichols algebras in the Yetter-Drinfeld category over a commutative group algebra in terms of generators and relations obtained previously by the first author [J. Reine Angew. Math. 683, 189--251 (2013; Zbl 1331.16023)] that these algebras are rigid. As a consequence, Nichols algebras of diagonal type with a finite root system are rigid as well. In the final section more applications to some infinite-dimensional Nichols algebras and other braided bialgebras closely related to Nichols algebras are given. / rank
 
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Property / reviewed by
 
Property / reviewed by: Jörg Feldvoss / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 17B37 / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16E40 / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16S80 / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16T05 / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16T10 / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH DE Number
 
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 6476982 / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
braiding
Property / zbMATH Keywords: braiding / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
braided vector space
Property / zbMATH Keywords: braided vector space / rank
 
Normal rank
Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
braided bialgebra
Property / zbMATH Keywords: braided bialgebra / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Nichols algebra
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Nichols algebra / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
graded deformation
Property / zbMATH Keywords: graded deformation / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
rigidity
Property / zbMATH Keywords: rigidity / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Radford biproduct
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Radford biproduct / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
bosonization
Property / zbMATH Keywords: bosonization / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
symmetric braiding
Property / zbMATH Keywords: symmetric braiding / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
(co)triangular Hopf algebra
Property / zbMATH Keywords: (co)triangular Hopf algebra / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Nichols algebra of diagonal type
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Nichols algebra of diagonal type / rank
 
Normal rank

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On rigidity of Nichols algebras
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    On rigidity of Nichols algebras (English)
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    31 August 2015
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    A braided vector space \((V,c)\) is a vector space \(V\) with a vector space isomorphism \(c:V\otimes V\to V\otimes V\) that satisfies the braid relation. The Nichols algebra \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) of \((V,c)\) is the (up to isomorphism) unique graded braided bialgebra \(\mathcal{B}=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0}\mathcal{B}_n\) such that \(\mathcal{B}_0\) coincides with the ground field of \(V\), \(\mathcal{B}_1=V\), \(c\) is the restriction of the braiding of \(\mathcal{B}\) to \(V\), \(\mathcal{B}\) is generated by \(V\) as an algebra, and the space of primitive elements of \(\mathcal{B}\) is \(V\). An important and difficult problem is to characterize for which finite-dimensional braided vector spaces the associated Nichols algebra is also finite-dimensional. The finite-dimensionality of the Nichols algebra puts severe restrictions on the braiding. For example, in the case of Lie superalgebras obtained via the signed flip \(c\) on a \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded vector space \(V\), the Nichols algebra \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) is finite-dimensional if, and only if, the even part of \(V\) is zero. In this case, \(\mathcal{B}(V,c)\) is the exterior algebra of \(V\) which is rigid, that is, it does not admit any non-trivial graded deformations as a braided bialgebra. The authors believe that quite often finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are rigid. Note that Radford biproducts (or bosonizations) of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are not always rigid. This can be seen, for example, from the Andruskiewitsch-Schneider classification of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with commuting group-like elements, since these Hopf algebras can be obtained as graded bialgebra deformations of such Radford biproducts. Using the classification of finite-dimensional cotriangular Hopf algebras due to Etingof and Gelaki, it is shown that for a wide class of symmetric braidings finite-dimensional Nichols algebras are rigid. Using similar cohomological methods as in a paper by the third author and \textit{S. Witherspoon} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 213, No. 7, 1399--1417 (2009; Zbl 1169.16024)], the authors provide a sufficient condition for the rigidity of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras. It follows from this criterion and the description of the finite-dimensional Nichols algebras in the Yetter-Drinfeld category over a commutative group algebra in terms of generators and relations obtained previously by the first author [J. Reine Angew. Math. 683, 189--251 (2013; Zbl 1331.16023)] that these algebras are rigid. As a consequence, Nichols algebras of diagonal type with a finite root system are rigid as well. In the final section more applications to some infinite-dimensional Nichols algebras and other braided bialgebras closely related to Nichols algebras are given.
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    braiding
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    braided vector space
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    braided bialgebra
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    Nichols algebra
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    graded deformation
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    rigidity
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    Radford biproduct
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    bosonization
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    symmetric braiding
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    (co)triangular Hopf algebra
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    Nichols algebra of diagonal type
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