Number of class polynomials of multiple eta-quotients with odd level (Q495298): Difference between revisions

Definitions: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[-] Let \(\mathcal O_f\) be an \textit{order of an imaginary quadratic field} \(K\) with discriminant \(D=d_Kf^2\) and class number \(h(D)\). Let \( C(D)\) be the class group of primitive integral quadratic forms of discriminant \(D\) with cardinality \(C(D)\) equal to \(h(D).\) For a \textit{modular function} \(F\), a singular value \(F(\alpha)\) is called a class invariant for \(D\) if \(F(\alpha)\) lie in \(\Omega_f\), where \(\alpha\) is a root of a primitive quadratic form of discriminant \(D\). \item [-] Let \(N =\{[A_i, B_i, C_i] \;|\;1 \leq i \leq h(D)\}\) be a system of distinct representatives of \(C(D)\), where \([A_i, B_i, C_i] =A_iX^2+B_iXY+C_iY^2\). \(\mathcal N\) is said an \textit{\(N\)-system for \(D\)} if \([A_i, B_i, C_i]\) satisfy \(\gcd(A_i, N) =1, \;B_i\equiv B_j \mod 2N\) and \(N\;|\;C_i\) for every \(1 \leq i, j\leq h(D)\). \item [-] The \(s\)-th power \(\mathfrak m^s_N\) is a modular function of positive integer level \(N\) if \(s\) is defined by \(s = \frac{24} {\gcd(24, (p_1 - 1)^{e_1}\cdots (p_m - 1)^{e_m}) }\) for \(N=p_1^{e_1}\cdots p_m^{e_m}\). \item [-] Using an \(N\)-system \(\mathcal N\) for \(D\), the \textit{class polynomial} of \(\mathfrak m^s_N\) for \(D\) is defined as \(H_{\mathcal N}(X) =\prod_{i=1}^{h(D)}(X-\mathfrak m_N^s (\alpha_i))\in K[X]\). \item [-] Let \(N(H_{N,D})\) be the number of distinct class polynomials of \(\mathfrak m_N^s\) for \(D\) obtained from \(N\)-systems for \(D\). \item [-] The \textit{eta-quotients} are defined in [\textit{A. Enge} and \textit{R. Schertz}, LMS J. Comput. Math. 16, 407--418 (2013; Zbl 1302.14040)]: Let \(\eta(z)\) be the Dedekind eta function. For a prime number \(p_1\), the \textit{simple eta-quotient} of level \(p_1\) is defined by \(\mathfrak m_{p_1}(z) =\eta(z/p_1)/\eta(z)\). The \textit{multiple eta-quotient} of composite level \(p_1\cdots p_m\) for prime numbers \(p_1,\dots, p_m\), not necessary distinct, is defined inductively by \(\mathfrak m_{p_1,\dots,p_m}(z) =\frac{ \mathfrak m_{p_1,\dots,p_{m-1}} (z)}{\mathfrak m_{p_1,\dots,p_{m-1}} (z/p_m) }\). \end{itemize}} Results: The author gives an upper bound of the number of distinct class polynomials of multiple eta-quotient constructed from \(N\)-systems. Moreover he gives a sufficient condition such that class polynomials are uniquely determined independently of the choice of \(N\)-system. Their main theorem generalizes a result in [\textit{Sh. Yoshimura} et al., Int. Math. Forum 4, No. 5--8, 367--376 (2009; Zbl 1196.11086)]: Theorem. Let \(N=p^{e_1}_1\dots p^{e_m}_m\) be the prime factorization of an odd integer \(N\). Assume that \(\sum_{k=1}^m e_k\geq 3\) and prime numbers \(p_1,\dots, p_m\) satisfy \( (D/p_i) =1\) when \(e_i\geq 2\), \((D/p_i) \not =-1\) and \(p_i\not |f\) when \(e_i=1\). Then \(N(H_{N,D}) \leq 2.\) Moreover, if \(N(H_{N,D}) =2\), the two class polynomials of \(\mathfrak m^s_N\) for \(D\) are \(H_{\mathcal N}(X)\) and \(\frac{X^{h(D)}}{H_{\mathcal N}(0)} H_{\mathcal N}(\frac{1}{X}) \) where \(\mathcal N\) is an \(N\)-system for \(D\). On the other hand, \(N(H_{N,D}) =1\) if there exists a prime \(p_i\) such that \((\frac{D}{p_i})=0\) or all \(e_i\) are even. In particular, if \((\frac{D}{p_i})=0\) for some \(p_i\), the class polynomial satisfies the functional equation \(H_{\mathcal N}(X)=\frac{X^{h(D)}}{H_{\mathcal N}(0)} H_{\mathcal N}(\frac{1}{X})\).