Quadratic forms and singularities of genus one or two (Q540782): Difference between revisions
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The article under review contributes to the structure theory of minimal compact complex surfaces \(S\) in class VII\(_0^+\) (\(b_1(S)=1, \kappa(S)=-\infty, b_2(S)=:n>0\)) with global spherical shells. The latter means that there exists a biholomorphic embedding \(\varphi:U\rightarrow S\) of an open neighborhood \(U\subset\mathbb C^2\backslash\{0\}\) of the 3-sphere \(S^3\) such that \(S\backslash\varphi(S^3)\) is connected. The author studies the (normal) singularities obtained by blowing down the maximal divisor \(D=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}D_i\), the sum of the \(n\) irreducible rational curves \(D_i\) on \(S\). These singularities are of genus \(1\) or \(2\) and are \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein if and only if \(H^0(S,K^{-m}_S)\not=0\) for some \(m\geq 1\). They are numerically Gorenstein if and only if \(H^0(S,K_S^{-1}\otimes L)\not=0\) for some topologically trivial line bundle \(L\) on \(S\). A central part of the paper is devoted to the description of the discriminant of the quadratic form associated to a singularity. Let \(M(S)=(D_i.D_j)\) be the self-intersection matrix of \(D\). The singularities can be parametrized by the configuration of their dual graphs, represented by finite sequences \(\sigma\) of integers. The author introduces a family of polynomials \(P_\sigma\) in \(N=N(\sigma)\) variables, \(P_\sigma(\mathbb Z^N)\subset\mathbb Z\), and numbers \(k_i=k_i(\sigma)\in\mathbb N\), \(0\leq i\leq N-1\). He obtains the existence of a sequence \(\sigma\) with the property that \(\det M(S)=(-1)^n(P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1}))^2\) and \([H_2(S,\mathbb Z):\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\mathbb ZD_i]=P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1})\). The number \(\triangle_\sigma:=P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1})+1\), the so-called twisting coefficient of the singularity, is a multiplicative invariant, i.e. \(\triangle_{\sigma\sigma'}=\triangle_\sigma\triangle_{\sigma'}\), and equals the product of the determinants of the intersection matrices of the branches of the divisor \(D\). The author points out the close connection of these invariants to global topological and analytical properties of surfaces with global spherical shells and to the classification of singular contracting germs of mappings and dynamical systems, see e.g. [\textit{G. Dloussky} and \textit{K. Oeljeklaus}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 49, No. 5, 1503--1545 (1999; Zbl 0978.32021)] and [\textit{Ch. Favre}, J. Math. Pures Appl., IX. Sér. 79, No. 5, 475--514 (2000; Zbl 0983.32023)]. | |||
Property / review text: The article under review contributes to the structure theory of minimal compact complex surfaces \(S\) in class VII\(_0^+\) (\(b_1(S)=1, \kappa(S)=-\infty, b_2(S)=:n>0\)) with global spherical shells. The latter means that there exists a biholomorphic embedding \(\varphi:U\rightarrow S\) of an open neighborhood \(U\subset\mathbb C^2\backslash\{0\}\) of the 3-sphere \(S^3\) such that \(S\backslash\varphi(S^3)\) is connected. The author studies the (normal) singularities obtained by blowing down the maximal divisor \(D=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}D_i\), the sum of the \(n\) irreducible rational curves \(D_i\) on \(S\). These singularities are of genus \(1\) or \(2\) and are \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein if and only if \(H^0(S,K^{-m}_S)\not=0\) for some \(m\geq 1\). They are numerically Gorenstein if and only if \(H^0(S,K_S^{-1}\otimes L)\not=0\) for some topologically trivial line bundle \(L\) on \(S\). A central part of the paper is devoted to the description of the discriminant of the quadratic form associated to a singularity. Let \(M(S)=(D_i.D_j)\) be the self-intersection matrix of \(D\). The singularities can be parametrized by the configuration of their dual graphs, represented by finite sequences \(\sigma\) of integers. The author introduces a family of polynomials \(P_\sigma\) in \(N=N(\sigma)\) variables, \(P_\sigma(\mathbb Z^N)\subset\mathbb Z\), and numbers \(k_i=k_i(\sigma)\in\mathbb N\), \(0\leq i\leq N-1\). He obtains the existence of a sequence \(\sigma\) with the property that \(\det M(S)=(-1)^n(P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1}))^2\) and \([H_2(S,\mathbb Z):\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\mathbb ZD_i]=P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1})\). The number \(\triangle_\sigma:=P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1})+1\), the so-called twisting coefficient of the singularity, is a multiplicative invariant, i.e. \(\triangle_{\sigma\sigma'}=\triangle_\sigma\triangle_{\sigma'}\), and equals the product of the determinants of the intersection matrices of the branches of the divisor \(D\). The author points out the close connection of these invariants to global topological and analytical properties of surfaces with global spherical shells and to the classification of singular contracting germs of mappings and dynamical systems, see e.g. [\textit{G. Dloussky} and \textit{K. Oeljeklaus}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 49, No. 5, 1503--1545 (1999; Zbl 0978.32021)] and [\textit{Ch. Favre}, J. Math. Pures Appl., IX. Sér. 79, No. 5, 475--514 (2000; Zbl 0983.32023)]. / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by: Eberhard Oeljeklaus / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 14E30 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 32J15 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 14E15 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 14B05 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 14E05 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number | |||
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 5903978 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
minimal compact complex surfaces in class \(\text{VII}_0^+\) | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: minimal compact complex surfaces in class \(\text{VII}_0^+\) / rank | |||
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global spherical shells | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: global spherical shells / rank | |||
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singularities | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: singularities / rank | |||
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\(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein / rank | |||
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numerically Gorenstein | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: numerically Gorenstein / rank | |||
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twisting coefficient | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: twisting coefficient / rank | |||
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Revision as of 11:10, 1 July 2023
scientific article
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English | Quadratic forms and singularities of genus one or two |
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Quadratic forms and singularities of genus one or two (English)
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3 June 2011
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The article under review contributes to the structure theory of minimal compact complex surfaces \(S\) in class VII\(_0^+\) (\(b_1(S)=1, \kappa(S)=-\infty, b_2(S)=:n>0\)) with global spherical shells. The latter means that there exists a biholomorphic embedding \(\varphi:U\rightarrow S\) of an open neighborhood \(U\subset\mathbb C^2\backslash\{0\}\) of the 3-sphere \(S^3\) such that \(S\backslash\varphi(S^3)\) is connected. The author studies the (normal) singularities obtained by blowing down the maximal divisor \(D=\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}D_i\), the sum of the \(n\) irreducible rational curves \(D_i\) on \(S\). These singularities are of genus \(1\) or \(2\) and are \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein if and only if \(H^0(S,K^{-m}_S)\not=0\) for some \(m\geq 1\). They are numerically Gorenstein if and only if \(H^0(S,K_S^{-1}\otimes L)\not=0\) for some topologically trivial line bundle \(L\) on \(S\). A central part of the paper is devoted to the description of the discriminant of the quadratic form associated to a singularity. Let \(M(S)=(D_i.D_j)\) be the self-intersection matrix of \(D\). The singularities can be parametrized by the configuration of their dual graphs, represented by finite sequences \(\sigma\) of integers. The author introduces a family of polynomials \(P_\sigma\) in \(N=N(\sigma)\) variables, \(P_\sigma(\mathbb Z^N)\subset\mathbb Z\), and numbers \(k_i=k_i(\sigma)\in\mathbb N\), \(0\leq i\leq N-1\). He obtains the existence of a sequence \(\sigma\) with the property that \(\det M(S)=(-1)^n(P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1}))^2\) and \([H_2(S,\mathbb Z):\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\mathbb ZD_i]=P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1})\). The number \(\triangle_\sigma:=P_\sigma(k_0,\dots,k_{N-1})+1\), the so-called twisting coefficient of the singularity, is a multiplicative invariant, i.e. \(\triangle_{\sigma\sigma'}=\triangle_\sigma\triangle_{\sigma'}\), and equals the product of the determinants of the intersection matrices of the branches of the divisor \(D\). The author points out the close connection of these invariants to global topological and analytical properties of surfaces with global spherical shells and to the classification of singular contracting germs of mappings and dynamical systems, see e.g. [\textit{G. Dloussky} and \textit{K. Oeljeklaus}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 49, No. 5, 1503--1545 (1999; Zbl 0978.32021)] and [\textit{Ch. Favre}, J. Math. Pures Appl., IX. Sér. 79, No. 5, 475--514 (2000; Zbl 0983.32023)].
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minimal compact complex surfaces in class \(\text{VII}_0^+\)
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global spherical shells
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singularities
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\(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein
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numerically Gorenstein
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twisting coefficient
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