Multiple solutions of generalized asymptotical linear Hamiltonian systems satisfying Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions (Q550236): Difference between revisions
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This paper considers multiple solutions to the following Hamiltonian system with Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions \[ \begin{aligned} &\dot{x}= J H'(t,x), \\ &x_1(0) \cos\alpha + x_2(0)\sin\alpha= 0, \\ &x_1(1) \cos\beta + x_2(1)\sin\beta= 0, \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(x=(x_1,x_2)\in\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\,,\) \(0\leq\alpha\leq\pi\,,\, 0<\beta\leq\pi\,,\)\, \(H'\) denotes the gradient of \(H\) with respect to \(x\). The author takes advantage of the index theory from \textit{Y. Dong} [``Index theory for linear selfadjoint operator equations and nontrivial solutions for asymptotically linear operator equations'', Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 38, No.~1--2, 75--109 (2010; Zbl 1195.47036)], the \(\mu\)-index theory, the dual variational method and a lemma about multiple critical points given by \textit{K. C. Chang} in [Infinite dimensional Morse theory and multiple solution problems. Boston: Birkhäuser (1993; Zbl 0779.58005)] to prove the following main theorem. Theorem. Assume that \(H, H', H''\) are all continuous, that \(H(t,0)\equiv 0\), and that the following conditions are satisfied: {\parindent7.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(H'(t,0)=B_0(t,x) x+ o(|x|)\) as \(|x|\to 0\), where \(B_0(t,x)\) is a symmetric \(2n\times 2n\) matrix varying continuously with \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and satisfying \(A_1(t)\leq B_0(t,x)\leq A_2(t)\) for all \((t,x)\), where \(A_1\) and \(A_2\) are such that \(i_{\alpha,\beta}(A_1)=i_{\alpha,\beta}(A_2)\) and \(\nu_{\alpha,\beta}(A_2)=0\). \item[(ii)] \(H'(t,x)=B_{\infty}(t,x) x+ o(|x|)\) as \(|x|\to \infty\), where \(B_\infty(t,x)\) is a symmetric \(2n\times 2n\) matrix varying continuously with \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and satisfying \(B_1(t)\leq B_\infty(t,x)\leq B_2(t)\) for all \((t,x)\), where \(B_1\) and \(B_2\) are such that \(i_{\alpha,\beta}(B_1)=i_{\alpha,\beta}(B_2)\) and \(\nu_{\alpha,\beta}(B_2)=0\). \item[(iii)] \(H(t,-x)=H(t,x)\) for all \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\). \end{itemize}} Then problem (1) has at least \(|i(A_1)-i(B_1)|\) pairs of solutions. | |||
Property / review text: This paper considers multiple solutions to the following Hamiltonian system with Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions \[ \begin{aligned} &\dot{x}= J H'(t,x), \\ &x_1(0) \cos\alpha + x_2(0)\sin\alpha= 0, \\ &x_1(1) \cos\beta + x_2(1)\sin\beta= 0, \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(x=(x_1,x_2)\in\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\,,\) \(0\leq\alpha\leq\pi\,,\, 0<\beta\leq\pi\,,\)\, \(H'\) denotes the gradient of \(H\) with respect to \(x\). The author takes advantage of the index theory from \textit{Y. Dong} [``Index theory for linear selfadjoint operator equations and nontrivial solutions for asymptotically linear operator equations'', Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 38, No.~1--2, 75--109 (2010; Zbl 1195.47036)], the \(\mu\)-index theory, the dual variational method and a lemma about multiple critical points given by \textit{K. C. Chang} in [Infinite dimensional Morse theory and multiple solution problems. Boston: Birkhäuser (1993; Zbl 0779.58005)] to prove the following main theorem. Theorem. Assume that \(H, H', H''\) are all continuous, that \(H(t,0)\equiv 0\), and that the following conditions are satisfied: {\parindent7.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(H'(t,0)=B_0(t,x) x+ o(|x|)\) as \(|x|\to 0\), where \(B_0(t,x)\) is a symmetric \(2n\times 2n\) matrix varying continuously with \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and satisfying \(A_1(t)\leq B_0(t,x)\leq A_2(t)\) for all \((t,x)\), where \(A_1\) and \(A_2\) are such that \(i_{\alpha,\beta}(A_1)=i_{\alpha,\beta}(A_2)\) and \(\nu_{\alpha,\beta}(A_2)=0\). \item[(ii)] \(H'(t,x)=B_{\infty}(t,x) x+ o(|x|)\) as \(|x|\to \infty\), where \(B_\infty(t,x)\) is a symmetric \(2n\times 2n\) matrix varying continuously with \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and satisfying \(B_1(t)\leq B_\infty(t,x)\leq B_2(t)\) for all \((t,x)\), where \(B_1\) and \(B_2\) are such that \(i_{\alpha,\beta}(B_1)=i_{\alpha,\beta}(B_2)\) and \(\nu_{\alpha,\beta}(B_2)=0\). \item[(iii)] \(H(t,-x)=H(t,x)\) for all \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\). \end{itemize}} Then problem (1) has at least \(|i(A_1)-i(B_1)|\) pairs of solutions. / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by | |||
Property / reviewed by: Petr Tomiczek / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 34B15 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 58E05 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number: 5919031 / rank | |||
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even Hamiltonian system | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: even Hamiltonian system / rank | |||
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Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions / rank | |||
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multiple solutions | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: multiple solutions / rank | |||
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critical point | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: critical point / rank | |||
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index theory | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: index theory / rank | |||
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relative Morse index | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: relative Morse index / rank | |||
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\(\mu\)-index | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: \(\mu\)-index / rank | |||
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dual variational principle | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: dual variational principle / rank | |||
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Revision as of 13:28, 1 July 2023
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English | Multiple solutions of generalized asymptotical linear Hamiltonian systems satisfying Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions |
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Multiple solutions of generalized asymptotical linear Hamiltonian systems satisfying Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions (English)
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8 July 2011
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This paper considers multiple solutions to the following Hamiltonian system with Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions \[ \begin{aligned} &\dot{x}= J H'(t,x), \\ &x_1(0) \cos\alpha + x_2(0)\sin\alpha= 0, \\ &x_1(1) \cos\beta + x_2(1)\sin\beta= 0, \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(x=(x_1,x_2)\in\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\,,\) \(0\leq\alpha\leq\pi\,,\, 0<\beta\leq\pi\,,\)\, \(H'\) denotes the gradient of \(H\) with respect to \(x\). The author takes advantage of the index theory from \textit{Y. Dong} [``Index theory for linear selfadjoint operator equations and nontrivial solutions for asymptotically linear operator equations'', Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 38, No.~1--2, 75--109 (2010; Zbl 1195.47036)], the \(\mu\)-index theory, the dual variational method and a lemma about multiple critical points given by \textit{K. C. Chang} in [Infinite dimensional Morse theory and multiple solution problems. Boston: Birkhäuser (1993; Zbl 0779.58005)] to prove the following main theorem. Theorem. Assume that \(H, H', H''\) are all continuous, that \(H(t,0)\equiv 0\), and that the following conditions are satisfied: {\parindent7.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(H'(t,0)=B_0(t,x) x+ o(|x|)\) as \(|x|\to 0\), where \(B_0(t,x)\) is a symmetric \(2n\times 2n\) matrix varying continuously with \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and satisfying \(A_1(t)\leq B_0(t,x)\leq A_2(t)\) for all \((t,x)\), where \(A_1\) and \(A_2\) are such that \(i_{\alpha,\beta}(A_1)=i_{\alpha,\beta}(A_2)\) and \(\nu_{\alpha,\beta}(A_2)=0\). \item[(ii)] \(H'(t,x)=B_{\infty}(t,x) x+ o(|x|)\) as \(|x|\to \infty\), where \(B_\infty(t,x)\) is a symmetric \(2n\times 2n\) matrix varying continuously with \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and satisfying \(B_1(t)\leq B_\infty(t,x)\leq B_2(t)\) for all \((t,x)\), where \(B_1\) and \(B_2\) are such that \(i_{\alpha,\beta}(B_1)=i_{\alpha,\beta}(B_2)\) and \(\nu_{\alpha,\beta}(B_2)=0\). \item[(iii)] \(H(t,-x)=H(t,x)\) for all \((t,x)\in [0,1]\times\mathbb{R}^{2n}\). \end{itemize}} Then problem (1) has at least \(|i(A_1)-i(B_1)|\) pairs of solutions.
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even Hamiltonian system
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Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions
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multiple solutions
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critical point
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index theory
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relative Morse index
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\(\mu\)-index
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dual variational principle
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