Extensions of plus closure (Q5936932)

The author defines four new closure operations on ideals in an arbitrary commutative ring with identity and with only finitely many minimal prime ideals: full extended plus closure, full rank one closure, extended plus closure, and rank one closure. These closures are modifications of plus and tight closures, and their definitions were motivated by the fact that the theories of plus and tight closures are not satisfactory in equicharacteristic zero or in mixed-characteristic rings, respectively. As tight and plus closures are powerful theories in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, it is worthwhile exploring alternative definitions, especially those that would be less dependent on the characteristic of the ring. Three of the key properties of tight and plus closures are: Briançon-Skoda theorem, colon capturing, and that in regular rings, every ideal is closed under these operations. These three properties are also the main driving force behind Heitmann's new definitions. Heitmann proves several cases of these three properties for the four closures. He also proves their interconnections, that they are indeed closures, their stability under ring extensions, such as henselization, etc. In equicharacteristic zero rings, the full closures of ideals are the whole ring, but the extended plus closure and the rank one closure are much smaller, possibly equal to the tight closure or the plus closure.