Sampling and interpolation in de Branges spaces with doubling phase (Q351347)

An entire function \(E\) is called a ``Hermite-Biehler function'' if it has no real zeros and \(\left| E^*(z)\right|< \left| E(z)\right|\) for \(z\in \mathbb C_+=\left\{ z\in \mathbb C : \Im z>0\right\},\) where \(E^*(z)=\overline{E(\overline{z})}.\) For such a function, the corresponding de Branges space of entire functions is the Hilbert space of functions \[ H(E)=\left\{ f \text{ entire }: \frac{f}{E},\frac{f^*}{E}\in H^2(\mathbb C_+)\right\}, \] where \(H^2(\mathbb C_+)\) is the Hardy space of analytic functions in the upper half-plane. The space \(H(E)\) is equipped with the norm \[ \left\|f\right\|_{H(E)}=\sqrt{ \int_\mathbb R \left| \frac{f(x)}{E(x)}\right|^2 dx} . \] The Paley-Wiener space of functions bandlimited to \([-\pi, \pi]\) is a special case of de Branges spaces obtained by taking \(E(z)=e^{-i\pi z}.\) The authors obtain a geometric characterization for real sampling and interpolation sequences for de Branges spaces, in terms of sequences' densities, in the case where the derivative of the phase function of \(E\) gives a doubling measure on the real line, which means, if \(E(x)=\left| E(x)\right|e^{-i\phi(x)}\), then \(\mu=\phi'(x) dx\) is a doubling measure, i.e., there exists a constant \(C>0\) such that \(\mu(2I)\leq C \mu(I)\) for all intervals \(I\subset \mathbb{R}\), where \(2I\) is the interval concentric to \(I\) of double length. The measure \(\mu\) induces a metric on \(\mathbb{R}\) given by \[ d_\phi (x,y)=\left| \phi(x)-\phi (y)\right|. \] A real sequence \(\Gamma\) is called \(\phi\)-separated if there exists \(\epsilon >0\) such that \(d_\phi (\gamma, \gamma')>\epsilon\) whenever \(\gamma, \gamma'\in \Gamma\) and \(\gamma\neq \gamma'.\) A description of sampling and interpolating sequences for de Branges spaces in terms of sequences' densities is obtained. The densities used are the lower and upper Beurling-type densities \[ D^-_\phi (\Gamma)=\liminf_{r\rightarrow \infty}\inf_{\mu(I)=r}\frac{\left|\Gamma \cap I\right|}{r} \] and \[ D^+_\phi (\Gamma)=\limsup_{r\rightarrow \infty}\sup_{\mu(I)=r}\frac{\left|\Gamma \cap I\right|}{r}. \] Among other things, it is shown that every real interpolating sequence \(\Gamma\) for \(H(E)\) is \(\phi\)-separated with \(D^+_\phi (\Gamma)\leq 1/\pi \), and conversely, every real sequence \(\Gamma\) which is \(\phi\)-separated with \(D^+_\phi (\Gamma)< 1/\pi\) is an interpolating sequence. Similar result holds for sampling sequences.