Nodal sets of eigenfunctions on Riemann surfaces (Q1203636)

Let \(M\) be a compact connected 2-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Let \(\Delta\) be the Laplace-Beltrami operator, \(u\) a real eigenfunction with corresponding eigenvalue \(\lambda\), i.e. \(\Delta u=- \lambda u\). Let \({\mathcal N}=\{x \in M \mid u(x)=0\}\) be its nodal set. The first result is an upper bound on the 1-dimensional Hausdorff measure of \({\mathcal N}\). Theorem 4.2. Suppose \(B_ R\) is a geodesic ball of radius \(R\) in \(M\). Then \[ {\mathcal H}^ 1({\mathcal N} \cap B_ R) \leq R\sqrt \lambda (c_ 1+c_ 2R^ 2\sqrt\lambda) \] where the constants \(c_ 1\) and \(c_ 2\) depend only on the curvature and on the diameter of \(M\). Let \({\mathcal S}=\{x \in{\mathcal N} \mid \nabla u(x)=0\}\) be the singular set of \({\mathcal N}\). Denote the vanishing order of \(u\) at \(x \in{\mathcal S}\) by \(n_ x\). The second result is a bound on the total vanishing order of \(u\). Corollary 3.6: \[ \sum_{x \in{\mathcal S}}n_ x \leq{1\over 4\pi} \left\{ \lambda \cdot vol(M)-2 \int_ M \min(K,0) \right\} \] where \(K\) is the Gaussian curvature of \(M\).