Multinomial identities arising from free probability theory. (Q1865406)

The aim of the paper is to prove a conjecture of \textit{K. Dykema} and \textit{K. Haagerup} [Am. J. Math. 126, No. 1, 121--189 (2004; Zbl 1054.47026)] saying that the moments of the triangular operator \(T,\) originally defined as a limit of distributions of normalized upper-triangular Gaussian random matrices, fulfil the relation \(\phi((T^k T^{\ast k})^n) = n^{nk}/(nk + 1)!\) for \(k,n \in \mathbb{N}.\) This result implies various other identities for multinomial coefficients. In the context of operator-valued probability spaces resp. of free probability theory, the operator \(T\) is embedded into a suitable algebra: let \(\mathcal{B} = \mathbb{C} [x],\) let \(\mathcal{A}\) denote the \(\ast\)-algebra generated by \(\mathcal{B}\) and \(\{T, T^\ast \}\) where \(T\) is defined by its variances, let \(\mathbb{E}\) denote the conditional expectation w.r.t. \(\mathcal{B}\) and define the state \(\phi\) by \(\phi(b) = \int^1_0 b(t)\, dt\), \(b \in \mathcal{B}\), \(\phi(a) = \phi (\mathbb{E} (a))\), \(a \in \mathcal{A}.\) The above mentioned conjecture follows from a more general result (Theorem 2) on multinomial coefficients \(\phi(T^{s_1}, \ldots, T^{s_n})\), \(s_i \in \{1, \ast\}\), \(n\in \mathbb{N}.\)