Asymptotic conformal welding via Löwner-Kufarev evolution (Q2377114)

For the unit disk \(\mathbb D\) and the complement \(\mathbb D^*\) to the closure \(\overline{\mathbb D}\) of \(\mathbb D\), let \(f:\mathbb D\to\Omega\) and \(F:\mathbb D^*\to\Omega^*\) be conformal maps where a domain \(\Omega\) is bounded by a closed Jordan curve \(\Gamma\), and \(\Omega^*\) is the unbounded complementary component of \(\Gamma\). The composition \(F^{-1}\circ f\) determines a homeomorphism of the unit circle \(\mathbb T\) which is called a conformal welding. Suppose that \(0\in\Omega\), \(f(0)=0\), \(f'(0)>0\), and \(F(\infty)=\infty\), \(F'(\infty)>0\). The Loewner-Kufarev evolution can produce asymptotics for mappings onto domains close to \(\mathbb D\) and \(\mathbb D^*\). Given a chain of domains \(\Omega(t)\), \(0\in\Omega(t_2)\subset\Omega(t_1)\), \(0\leq t_1<t_2<T\), and conformal maps \(f(z,t)=e^{-t}z+\dots\), \(t\geq0\), \(f(z,t):\mathbb D\to\Omega(t)\), there exist functions \(p(z,t)\) such that \(p(\cdot,t)\) are analytic in \(\mathbb D\), \(p(z,\cdot)\) are measurable for \(0\leq t<T\), and \[ p(z,t)=1+p_1(t)z+\dots,\quad \Re p(z,t)>0,\quad z\in\mathbb D,\quad 0\leq t<T, \] so that the Loewner-Kufarev differential equation \[ \frac{\partial f(z,t)}{\partial t}=-z\frac{\partial f(z,t)}{\partial z}p(z,t) \] holds for \(z\in\mathbb D\) and for almost all \(t\in[0,T)\), \(T\) may be \(\infty\). In case when \(\Omega(t)\) are bounded and \(\Omega^*(t)\) is the exterior of \(\Omega(t)\), let \(w=F(z,t)\) be the unique conformal map from \(\mathbb D^*\) onto \(\Omega^*(t)\) such that \(F(z,t)=e^{-\tau(t)}z+b_0+b_1z^{-1}+\dots\) as \(z\to\infty\) with a differentiable function \(\tau=\tau(t)\), \(\tau(0)=0\), \(\tau'(t)>0\), \(t\geq0\). The main result of the article is the following theorem. Theorem 1. Let the driving function \(p(\cdot,t)\) in the Loewner-Kufarev equation be \(C^2\) in \(\overline{\mathbb D}\) for \(0\leq t<T\), \(p(z,\cdot)\) be continuous in \([0,T)\) for \(z\in\overline{\mathbb D}\), \(p(z,t)\), \(p'(z,t)\) and \(p''(z,t)\) be bounded in \(\overline{\mathbb D}\times[0,T)\). Then, for solutions \(f(z,t)\) to the Loewner-Kufarev equation with \(\Omega(0)=\mathbb D\), \(\Omega(t)=f(\mathbb D,t)\), \(\partial\Omega(t)=\Gamma(t)\), and the corresponding functions \(F(\cdot,\tau(t))\), \(F(\mathbb T,\tau(t))=f(\mathbb T,t)\), the conformal welding \(\varphi:\mathbb T\to\mathbb T\) of the curve \(\Gamma(t)\), \(\varphi=\varphi(\tilde\varphi)\), satisfies the relation \[ \varphi=\tilde\varphi+2\Im p(e^{i\tilde\varphi},0)t+o(t),\quad t\to+0. \]