An optimization problem for the first eigenvalue of the \(p\)-Laplacian plus a potential (Q2464561)

Let \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^{n}\) be a connected smooth bounded domain, \(H_{V}u=-\Delta_{p}u+V| u| ^{p-2}u\), where \(V \in L^{q}(\Omega)\), \(1<p< \infty\), \(1 \leq q< \infty\), \(\Delta_{p}u = \text{ div} \, (| \nabla u| ^{p-2} \nabla u )\) and let \(E(V)\) be the lowest eigenvalue of \(H_{V}\) in \(W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega)\) (where the eigenvalue problem here considered is \(H_{V}u= \lambda | u| ^{p-2}u\) in \(\Omega\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial \Omega\)), let \(B \subset L^{q}(\Omega)\) be a convex, bounded and closed set. Theorem 1: Let \(q > N/p\), then there exists \(V^* \in B\) that maximizes \(E\); moreover if \(V_i \in B\), \(i \in \{ 1,2 \}\), are two maximizing potentials and \(u_i \in W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega)\) are the eigenfunctions of \(H_{V_i}\) associated to \(E(V_i)\) respectively, then \(u_1=u_2\) a.e. in \(\Omega\) and \(V_1=V_2\) a.e. in \(\Omega\). Theorem 2: Let \(E^*:[0,+\infty[ \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\), \(E^*(M)=\max \{ E(V): V \in L^{q}(\Omega)\), \(| V| _q \leq M \}\); then \(E^*\) increases monotonously. Theorem 3: Let \(V_0\) be a maximal potential and let \(u_0\) be the eigenfunction associated to \(E(V_0)\); then there exists a constant \(k\) such that \(| u_0| ^p=k| V_0| ^{q-1}\) in \(\Omega\). Theorem 4: Let \(E(0)\) be the principal eigenvalue of the operator \(-\Delta _p\) in \(W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega)\); then, if \(1<p<2\) and \(\alpha < \max \{ {2p-2 \over 2-p},{(p-1)N \over N-p} \}\) or \(p \geq 2\) and \(\alpha > 1\), for any \(\lambda > E(0)\) there is a solution of \(- \Delta_p u + u^ \alpha = \lambda u^ {p-1}\) in \(\Omega\), \(u > 0\) in \(\Omega\), \(u = 0\) on \(\partial \Omega\). Analogous results are true for minimizing potentials.