Egorov's theorem for transversally elliptic operators on foliated manifolds and noncommutative geodesic flow (Q2573791)

In [\textit{Yu. A. Kordyukov}, Manuscr. Math. 94, No. 1, 45--73 (1997; Zbl 0896.58065)] (hereafter refered to as [1]), the author studied transverse pseudodifferential calculus. By using results in [1], Egorov's theorem for transversally elliptic operators on compact foliated manifolds is proved (Th.1.7). Then it is applied to describe the noncommutative geodesic flow in noncommutative geometry of Riemannian foliation (Th.1.11). Let \(M\) be a compact Riemannian manifold, \(A\) a pseudodifferential operator of order \(0\) with the principal symbol \(a\in S^0(T^*M\setminus 0)\) and let \(A(t)= e^{itP}Ae^{-itP}\), \(P\) a positive, self-adjoint, elliptic, first-order pseudodifferential operator on \(M\) with the positive symbol \(a\in S^1(T^*M\setminus 0)\). Egorov's theorem states \(A(t)\) is a pseudodifferential operator of order \(0\), and its principal symbol \(a_t\in S^0(T^*M\setminus 0)\) is given by \((a_t(x,\xi)= a(f_t(x,\xi))\), where \(f_t\) is the bicharacteristic flow of \(P\), that is the Hamiltonian flow of \(p\) on \(T^*M\) [\textit{J. V. Egorov}, Usp. Mat. Nauk 24, No. 5(149), 235--236 (1969; Zbl 0191.43802)]. To get corresponding results for a foliated manifold \((M,{\mathcal F})\), the author first reviews transverse pseudodifferential calculus according to [1] (\S1, 1.1). Definition and properties of transverse bicharacteristic flow are reviewed in \S1.2 (cf.[1]). Let \(P\in\Psi^m(M,e)\), \(E\) a Hermitian vector bundle on \(M\). Its transversal principal symbol \(\sigma_P\) is defined to be the restriction of its principal symbol to \(\widetilde N^*{\mathcal F}\) [cf. \textit{P. Molino}, Riemannian foliations (Progress in Mathematics 73, Boston: Birkhäuser) (1988; Zbl 0633.53001)]. \(P\) is said to be transversally elliptic if \(\sigma_P(\nu)\) is invertible for any \(\nu\in N^*{\mathcal F}\). Let \(D\in\Psi^1(M, E)\) be a formally self-adjoint, transversally elliptic operator such that \(D^2\) has the scalar principal symbol and the holonomy invariant transverse principal symbol, and let \[ \phi_t(T)= e^{it\langle D\rangle} Te^{-it\langle D\rangle},\quad T\in{\mathcal L}(L^2(M, E)),\quad\langle D\rangle= (D^2+ I)^{1/2}. \] Then Egorov's theorem for transversally elliptic operators on foliated manifolds is stated as follows: Let \(D\) be as above, then for any \(K\in\Psi^{m,-\infty}(M,{\mathcal F},E)\), there exists an operator \(K(t)\in\Psi^{m,-\infty}(M,{\mathcal F},E)\) such that \(\Phi_t(K)- K(t)\), \(t\in\mathbb{R}\), is a smooth family of operators of class \({\mathcal L}^1({\mathcal H}^{-\infty},{\mathcal H}^\infty)\). In addition, if \(E\) is a trivial line bundle, and the subprincipal symbol of \(D^2\) is zero, then the principal symbol \(k(t)\in S^m(G_{{\mathcal F}_N}|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\) of \(K(t)\) is given by \(k(t)= F^*_t(k)\), where \(F^*_t\) is the transverse bicharacteristic flow of \(\langle D\rangle\), and \(k\in S^m(G_{{\mathcal F}_N},|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\) is the principal symbol of \(K\). Here \(T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2}\) is the line bundle of leafwise half-density on \(G_{{\mathcal F}_N}\), \(G\) the holonomy groupoid of \({\mathcal F}\) (Th.1.7). The proof is done first assuming \(D\) is an elliptic operator (\S2.1). Then showing \(\langle D\rangle^\alpha\) is a sum of an elliptic operator and a kind of smoothing operator (Th.2.4), the general case is proved (\S2.2). It is also sketched how original Egorov's theorem is derived from Th.1.7 (\S1.3). In [1], the spectral triple \(({\mathcal A}, {\mathcal H}, D)\) associated with \((M,{\mathcal F})\) is introduced by taking \({\mathcal A}= C^\infty_c(G,|T{\mathcal G}|^{1/2}\), \({\mathcal H}= L^2(M,E)\), and \(D\) is a transversally elliptic operator satisfying the assumptions of Th.1.7. This spectral triple is smooth. The author remarks that there is a gap in the proof of this fact in [1]. A correct proof of this fact is given in this paper (Th.3.2). Then noncommutative geodesic flow in noncommutaitve geometry of Riemannian foliation is described as follows: Let \(({\mathcal A}, {\mathcal H}, D)\) be a spectral triple associated with a compact foliated Riemannian manifold \((M,{\mathcal F})\), and assume \(E\) is the trivial holonomy equivalent line bundle and the subprincipal symbol of \(D^2\) is zero. Then there exists a surjective homomorphism of involutive algebras \(P: S^*{\mathcal A}\to \overline S^0(G_{{\mathcal F}_N},|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\) such that the following diagram commutes \[ \begin{tikzcd} S^*{\mathcal A} \ar[r,"\alpha_t"]\ar[d,"P" '] & S^*{\mathcal A}\ar[d,"P"]\\ \overline S^0(G_{{\mathcal F}_N},|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\ar[r,"F^*_t" '] &\overline S^0(G_{{\mathcal F}_N}|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\rlap{\,,}\end{tikzcd} \] (Th.1.11). Th.1.11 is proved introducing the notion of scalar principal symbol. An operator of class \(\Psi^{m,-\infty}(M,{\mathcal F},E)\) is said to have scalar principal symbol, if its principal symbol belongs to \(C^\infty_{\text{prop}}(G_{{\mathcal F}_N}|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\). Here \(C^\infty_{\text{prop}}(G_{{\mathcal F}_N},|T{\mathcal G}_N|^{1/2})\) is the set of those \(k\) the restriction of the map \(r: G_{{\mathcal F}_N}\to\widetilde N^*{\mathcal F}\) to \(\text{supp\,}k\) is a proper map. By using smoothness of \(({\mathcal A},{\mathcal H}, D)\) (Th.3.2), it is shown \(P\in\Psi^*_0({\mathcal A})\) is approximated by operators having scalar principal symbol, in some sense (Prop.3.4). Th.1.11 follows from this fact and Th.1.7. The paper concluded to remark if \(E\) is a holonomy equivariant vector bundle, under suitable assumptions, the holonomy groupoid \(G\) becomes amenable [\textit{C. Anantharaman-Delaroche} and \textit{J. Renault}, Amenable groupoids, Monographices de l'Enseignement Mathématique 36, Genève: Université de Genève) (2000; Zbl 0960.43003)].