Estimates for the number of sums and products and for exponential sums over subgroups in fields of prime order. (Q1408234)

Let \(A\) be a subset of \(F={\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z}\) and write \(A+A=\{a+b:a,b\;\text{ in}\;A\}, A.A=\{ab:a,b\;\text{ in}\;A\}\) and \(| A| \) for the cardinality of \(A\). The first estimate is \(\max(| A+A| ,| A.A| )\geq c_1| A| ^{1+c_2}\) if \(| A| <p^{1/2}\), for some constants \(c_1, c_2>0\). Let \(e(u)=e^{2\pi iu}\), \(G\) be a subgroup of \(F^*\) and \(S(G)= \max_{\xi \in F^*}\left| \sum_{x\in G}e\left({x\xi\over p} \right)\right| .\) The second estimate is \(S(G)\leq | G| P^{-\gamma}\) with \(\gamma=\exp(-C_1/\delta^{C_2})\) if \(\delta>0\) and \(| G| \geq p^\delta\), for some constants \(C_1, C_2>0\). The paper includes statements of several interesting auxiliary results and sketches of some of the proofs.