A study on weakly Lindelöf (para)topological groups with a \(q\)-point and \(m(\mathcal{M})\)-factorizability (Q2172641)

A topological group \(G\) is \emph{\(\mathbb R\)-factorizable} if, for every continuous real-valued function \(f\colon G\to \mathbb R\), there exists a continuous homomorphism \(p\colon G\to H\), where \(H\) is a second-countable topological group, and a continuous function \(g\colon H\to \mathbb R\) such that \(f=g\circ p\). It is known that every pseudocompact topological group is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable and that every Lindelöf topological group is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable. \smallskip A point \(x\) of a topological space \(X\) is a \emph{\(q\)-point} if there exists a sequence \(\{U_n\}_{n\in\mathbb N}\) of open neighborhoods of \(x\) in \(X\) such that every \((x_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}\in\prod_{n\in\mathbb N}U_n\) has an accumulation point in \(X\). It is known that a topological group has a \(q\)-point precisely when \(G\) is an \(M\)-space. In the present paper the authors prove that every regular totally \(\omega\)-narrow paratopological group with a \(q\)-point is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable. As a consequence, they find that every weakly Lindelöf topological group with a \(q\)-point is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable, and so that every separable topological group with a \(q\)-point is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable. As every locally countably compact topological group \(G\) has \(q\)-points, the latter results imply that in case such a \(G\) is also separable (or, more generally weakly Lindelöf), then \(G\) is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable. For a paratopological group with a \(q\)-point, other sufficient conditions that imply \(\mathbb R\)-factorizability are discussed. \smallskip In the second part of the paper \(m\)-factorizability and \(\mathcal M\)-factorizability are discussed. First, starting from the known fact that the direct product of an \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable group and a locally compact separable metrizable topological group is \(\mathbb R\)-factorizable, and generalizing a result from [\textit{A. Arhangel'skii} and \textit{M. Tkachenko}, Topological groups and related structures. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific; Paris: Atlantis Press (2008; Zbl 1323.22001)], the authors prove that the direct product of an \(m\)-factorizable topological group and a locally compact \(\omega\)-narrow topological group is \(m\)-factorizable. Then, using suitable cardinal invariants of topological groups, sufficient conditions are given for a topological group with a \(q\)-point to be \(\mathcal M\)-factorizable, and for a direct product of two topological groups to have every closed subgroup \(\mathcal M\)-factorizable.