Hyper-Kähler manifolds with torsion, supersymmetry and Hodge theory. (Q1811386)

A smooth manifold \(M\) equipped with an action of the quaternion algebra \(\mathbb H\) on \(TM\) is called hypercomplex if the almost complex structure given by any quaternion \(L \in \mathbb H\) is integrable. A hypercomplex manifold equipped with an \(\text{SU}(2)\)-invariant metric is called a hypercomplex Hermitian manifold. Let \(M\) be a hypercomplex Hermitian manifold and \(I, J, K\) the standard triple of quaternions. The non-degenerated 2-form \(\Omega = \frac{1}{2}(\omega_J + \sqrt{-1} \omega_K)\) is of type \((2,0)\) on \((M, I)\). \(M\) is hyper-Kähler if and only if \(d \Omega =0\). \(M\) is called HKT (hyper-Kähler with torsion) if \(\partial \Omega =0.\) There are many examples of HKT-manifolds given by the product of a compact Lie group with some compact tori [\textit{D. Joyce}, J. Differ. Geom. 35, No. 3, 743--761 (1992; Zbl 0735.53050)]. Some more examples are constructed by the author [Math. Res. Lett. 10, No. 4, 501--513 (2003; Zbl 1057.53036)]. Some examples of compact hypercomplex manifolds which do not admit any HKT-metric are constructed by \textit{A. Fino} and \textit{G. Grantcharov} [Adv. Math. 189, No. 2, 439--450 (2004; Zbl 1114.53043), math.DG/0302358]. In the paper under review, the author discovered an analogy between the de Rham DG-algebra of a Kähler manifold and the Dolbeault DG-algebra of an HKT-manifold, where the role of the de Rham differential is played by the Dolbeault differential, and the role of the Kähler form is played by the 2-form \(\Omega\). This analogy enables the author to construct a Lefschetz-type \(\text{SL}(2)\)-action on the space of harmonic spinors \(H^*(K^{1/2})\), where \(K^{1/2}\) is the square root of the canonical class of \((M,I)\).