Superoscillating sequences towards approximation in \(\mathscr{S}\) or \(\mathscr{S}^\prime\)-type spaces and extrapolation (Q1710661)

The set of the natural numbers, the real numbers and the complex numbers are denoted respectively by \(Z\), \(R\), \(C\), and for \(1\le p<\infty\), \(L^p= L^p(R,C)\) denotes \[\{f: R\to C,\text{ Lebesgue measurable with }\Vert f\Vert_p<\infty\},\] where \(f\) is identified with \([f]\), the equivalence class of functions which differ from \(f\) on sets of measure \(0\) and \[\Vert f\Vert_p=\Vert[f]\Vert_p= \Biggl\{\int_R |f(t)|^p\,dt\Biggr\}^{1/p}.\] The Hermite functions \(h_m\), \(m= 0,1,2,\dots\), which constitute an orthonormal class in \(L^2\) are defined by \(h_m(x)= c_m e^{x^2/2}(d/dx)^m[e^{-x^2}]\), \(c_m= (-1)^m \pi^{-1/4} 2^{-m/2}(m!)^{-1/2}\). Statements in the introduction of this paper identify superoscillating functions as band-limited functions which oscillate faster than their Fourier components. In particular if \(B_2 = B_2(R,C)\) is the Besicovitch space of almost periodic functions and \(\Lambda(f)= (\lambda\in R: F(f)(\lambda)\ne 0)\), where \(F(f)(\lambda)\) is the Fourier transform \(\int_R f(t)\varepsilon^{i\lambda t} dt\), then a sequence \(\{Y_j, j -1,2,\dots\}\) is said to be \(f\)-superoscillating if there is a frequency threshold \(\lambda_f\) for which \(\Lambda[Y_j]\subset[-\lambda_f, \lambda_f]\) for \(j=1,2,\dots\). In the main theorems of the paper, sequences involving Hermite coefficients of the function \(f\) including \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(Y^f_j=(2\pi)^{-1/2}\,(\sum_{k-0} (\sum_{m-0} (-i)^m c_m(\int_R f(t) h_m(t)\,dt)\, J_{m,Nn,k})\, e^{(1-2k)/N})\), and \item[(ii)] \(Y_n(x)= \sum^n_{m=0} (\int_R\Phi(t)\, h_m(t)\,dt)(d/dx)^m[y_n]\), \(f(x)= e^{-x^2/2}\Phi(x)\)\end{itemize} are indicated as being \(f\)-superoscillating.