\(L^p\) estimates for a singular integral operator motivated by Calderón's second commutator (Q665491)

The operator \[ T_\beta (f_1,f_2,f_3)(x) = p.v. \int_{\mathbb{R}}\Bigl(\int_0^1 f_1(x+\alpha t)\, d\alpha\Bigr) f_2(x+\beta t) f_3 (x+t) \frac{dt}{t} \] is studied as a type of extension of Calderón's second commutator (p.v. integration against \((A(x)-A(y))^2/(x-y)^3\)) in which an {\textit{average}} is dropped after the squared difference quotient is expressed as an iterated average, e.g., \[ \frac{A(x)-A(y)}{x-y}=\int_0^1 A' (x+\alpha (y-x))\, d\alpha\, . \] The main result of this work establishes a range of \(L^p\) estimates for \(T_\beta\) when \(\beta\notin \{0,1\}\). Specifically, \[ \|T_\beta (f_1,f_2,f_3)\|_{p}\leq C(\beta, p_1,p_2,p_3)\|f_1\|_{p_1}\|f_2\|_{p_2}\|f_3\|_{p_3} \] with constant depending on \(\beta\) and the \(p_i\) whenever \[ \frac{1}{2}<p=\frac{p_1 p_2 p_3}{p_1p_2+p_1p_3+p_2p_3}<\infty\quad \text{and}\quad \frac{2}{3}<\frac{p_2p_3}{p_2+p_3}\leq \infty\, . \] The bound is established a priori on the Schwartz space through symbol and quartile estimates for a discrete version, then averaging, much in the spirit of the work of \textit{C. Muscalu, T. Tao} and \textit{C. Thiele} [Math. Ann. 329, No. 3, 427--461 (2004; Zbl 1073.42010)]. The result here recovers all \(L^p\) estimates that were known heretofore and recovers known results for the bilinear Hilbert transform as a corollary, but does not extend them because of the condition \(\frac{2}{3}<\frac{p_2p_3}{p_2+p_3}\). Also, the condition \(1/2<p\) is more stringent than the homogeneity condition \(2/5<p\) so it remains open whether \(p\) can be extended to this range. Along the way, new proofs are given of \(L^p\) estimates for Calderón commutators originally established in a preprint by C.~Muscalu.