Nonstandard methods for bounds in differential polynomial rings (Q1758177)

Let \(k\) be a differential field of characteristic zero with \(m\) commuting derivations \(\Delta=\{\partial_1,\ldots ,\partial_m\}\), \(X=\{X_1,\ldots ,X_n\}\) a set of differential indeterminates over \(k\) and \(k\{X\}\) be the ring of \(\Delta\)-polynomials in \(X\) over \(k\). The paper under review posts the next conjecture (C) on the definability of primality of radical (partial) differential ideals. (C) For every \(d\) and every finite set \(S\subset k\{X\}\) of \(\Delta\)-polynomials of degree and order less than or equal to \(d\), there exists \(r=r(m,n,d)\) such that the following are equivalent: (1) The radical \(\Delta\)-ideal \(\{S\}\) generated by \(S\) is prime. (2) \(\{S\}\) is proper and for all \(f,g\in k\{X\}\) of degree and order \(\leq r\), if \(f g\in\{S\}\) then \(f\in \{S\}\) or \(g\in \{S\}\). To bear on conjecture (C), the authors extend the nonstandard methods developed in [\textit{L. van den Dries} and \textit{K. Schmidt}, Invent. Math. 76, 77--91 (1984; Zbl 0539.13011)] to prove the purely algebraic analogue of (C). Namely they study ultraproducts of differential polynomial rings over differential fields and internal differential polynomials. Based on this study, a partial solution to conjecture (C) is obtained, a bound of degree and order for one of the two polynomials on the definition of primality is given. Motivated by \textit{O. Golubinsky, M. Kondratieva} and \textit{A. Ovchinnikov} [``On the generalized Ritt problem as a computational problem'', J. Math. Sci. 163, No. 5, 515--522 (2009); translation from Fundam. Prikl. Mat. 14, No. 4, 109--120 (2008), \url{http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10958-009-9689-3}], the equivalence of (C) with four other conjectures of existence-bounds in differential algebra is proved, namely: bounds for generators of a prime \(\Delta\)-ideal given a characteristic set; bounds for checking inclusion among prime \(\Delta\)-ideals given characteristic sets; bounds for distinguishing prime \(\Delta\)-ideals; definability of zero divisibility. The paper under review also shows, how to give proofs of bounds already obtained by constructive methods for characteristic sets of minimal prime differential ideals in [\textit{O. Golubinsky} et al., J. Symb. Comput. 43, No. 8, 582--610 (2008; Zbl 1142.13024)], and for the differential Nullstellensatz in [\textit{O. Golubinsky} et al., J. Algebra 322, No. 11, 3852--3877 (2009; Zbl 1189.12002)].