A remarkable contraction of semisimple Lie algebras (Q1948149)

Let \(\mathbb{F}\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Let \(G\) be a connected semisimple algebraic group with \(\mathfrak{g}=\)Lie\(\left( G\right) .\) The authors give a triangular decomposition \(\mathfrak{g=u\oplus t\oplus u}^{-},\) where \(\mathfrak{t}\) is a Cartan subalgebra and \(\mathfrak{b:=u\oplus t}\) is a Borel subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\). Let \(\mathfrak{q=b\ltimes}\left( \mathfrak{u}^{-}\right) ^{a},\) where \(\left( \mathfrak{u}^{-}\right) ^{a}\) signifies the \(B\)-module \(\mathfrak{u}^{-}\) regarded as an abelian ideal of \(\mathfrak{q.}\) This \(\mathfrak{q}\) is an Inönü-Wigner contraction of \(\mathfrak{g.}\) The connected algebraic group corresponding to \(\mathfrak{q,}\) denoted \(Q,\) acts on \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] \) and \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\right] \) via adjoint and coadjoint representation respectively. In the work under review, the authors describe polynomials which generate the invariant algebras \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] ^{Q}\) and \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\right] ^{Q},\) which also generate the invariant fields \(\mathbb{F}\left( \mathfrak{q}\right) ^{Q}\) and \(\mathbb{F}\left( \mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\right) ^{Q}.\) In particular, it is shown that \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] ^{Q}\cong\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{t}\right] ,\) the map induced from the natural projection \(\mathfrak{b\rightarrow b/u=t.}\) The basic invariants of \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] ^{Q}\) are polynomials of degree 1, which is typically simpler than the invariants in the non-contracted case. The polynomials in the \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\right] ^{Q}\) case are more complicated -- a description is given in terms of the Killing form on \(\mathfrak{g.}\) In both cases, the larger algebra is freely generated by these polynomials, thus \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}\right] \) (resp. \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\right] \)) is a free \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q} \right] ^{Q}\) (resp. \(\mathbb{F}\left[ \mathfrak{q}^{\ast}\right] ^{Q} \))-module. As a consequence, the enveloping algebra of \(\mathfrak{q}\) is necessarily free over its center.