Uniform estimates on paraproducts. (Q1809919)

One defines a paraproduct form as a multilinear form \[ \Lambda(f_1,\dots,f_n)=\int_{\mathbb R} \sum_{k\in \mathbb Z} \prod_{i=1}^n Q_{i,k} f_i (x)\, dx. \] Here, \(Q_{i,k}f=f\ast \phi_{i,k}\) is `adapted to \(\{\xi:| \xi| \leq 2^k\}\)' meaning that \(\hat{\phi}_{i,k}\) has support in \(\{| \xi| \leq 2^k\}\) while the derivatives \(\phi^{(\alpha)}\) satisfy \(\| \varphi_{i,k}^{(\alpha)}\| _\infty \leq 2^{-k\alpha}\) for all \(\alpha\) up to some given order. One also imposes the moment conditions \(\hat{\phi}_{i,k}(0)=0\) for all \(i,k\). Then \(\Lambda\) is continuous from \(\prod L^{p_i}\) to \(\mathbb C\) provided \(\sum 1/p_i=1\), as standard Calderón-Zygmund theory shows. This can be proved with weaker moment conditions. However, the full complement of moment conditions allows the authors to extend the sum over \(k\) defining \(\Lambda\) to sums over all \((j_1,\dots, j_n)\in \Omega\) where \(\Omega\) is defined by the conditions \(j_i-j_{i'}\geq m(i,i')\) for a set of integers \(m(i,i')\), \(1\leq i<i'\leq n\). With these conventions, the authors prove (as a special case) that if \(n\geq 2\) and \(\Omega\) is as above, then \[ \left| \int_{\mathbb R} \sum_{(j_1,\dots,j_n )\in \Omega}\prod_{i=1}^n Q_{j_i,i} f_i \right| \leq C_{p,n} \prod_{i=1}^n \| f_i\| _{L^{p_i}}. \] As before, \(\sum 1/p_i=1\). The estimate is uniform in that the constant \(C_{p,n}\) depends only on the choice of the \(p_i\) and on \(n\), but not on the particular integers \(m(i,i')\). Technically, the proof uses the language of graph theory to organize the frequency contributions of the various terms. The proof also uses induction on \(n\).