Surjective linear maps preserving certain spectral radii (Q633913)

Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be complex Banach spaces, and let \({\mathcal L}(X)\) and \({\mathcal L}(Y)\) be the Banach algebras of all bounded linear operators on \(X\) and \(Y\), respectively. The problem of characterizing linear or additive maps on \({\mathcal L}(X)\) preserving local spectra was initiated by \textit{A. Bourhim} and \textit{T. J. Ransford} in [Integral Equations Oper. Theory 55, No.~3, 377--385 (2006; Zbl 1113.47022)] and continued by several authors. In [Linear Algebra Appl. 427, No.~2--3, 176--182 (2007; Zbl 1127.15005)], \textit{M. González} and \textit{M. Mbekhta} characterized linear maps on the algebra \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\) of all \(n\times n\) complex matrices that preserve the local spectrum at a nonzero fixed vector \(x_0\in\mathbb{C}^n\). Their result has been extended by \textit{A. Bourhim} and \textit{V. G. Miller} in [Stud. Math. 188, No.~1, 67--75 (2008; Zbl 1145.47005)], where it was shown that a linear map \(\varphi\) on \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\) preserves the local spectral radius at a nonzero vector \(x_0\in\mathbb{C}^n\) if and only if there is a scalar \(\alpha\) of modulus one and an invertible matrix \(A\in\) such that \(Ax_0=x_0\) and \(\varphi(T)=\alpha ATA^{-1}\) for all \(T\in M_n(\mathbb{C})\). In [Stud. Math. 194, No.~2, 155--162 (2009; Zbl 1182.47004)], \textit{J. Bračič} and \textit{V. Müller} extended the main results of the aforementioned papers to infinite dimensional Banach spaces by characterizing surjective linear and continuous maps on \({\mathcal L}(X)\) that preserve the local spectrum and the local spectral radius at a fixed nonzero vector of \(X\). In [Arch. Math. 95, No.~6, 567--573 (2010; Zbl 1210.47016)], \textit{C. Costara} showed, in particular, that every surjective linear map on \({\mathcal L}(X)\) preserving the local spectral radius at fixed nonzero vector of \(X\) is automatically continuous. For an operator \(T\in{\mathcal L}(X)\) and a vector \(x\in X\), let \(\iota_T(x)\) be the inner local spectral radius of \(T\) at \(x\), introduced in [\textit{T. L. Miller, V. G. Miller} and \textit{M. M. J. Neumann}, Oper. Theory 51, No.~1, 71--88 (2004; Zbl 1076.47022)]. The main result of the present paper describes linear maps on \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\) preserving the inner local spectral radius at nonzero fixed vector. The conclusion is that such maps have the same form indicated above, and the proofs are more or less straightforward. Besides the main result, surjective linear maps preserving the minimum modulus of the approximate point spectrum of Hilbert space operators are characterized. The proof uses some arguments quoted from [\textit{A. Bourhim} and \textit{M. Burgos}, Oper. Matrices 4, No.~2, 245--256 (2010; Zbl 1200.47048)]. Strong versions of the above mentioned results were established in [Linear Algebra Appl. 432, No.~1, 383--393 (2010; Zbl 1186.47003)] in the setting of two different infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. It was shown, in particular, that if \(x_0\in X\) and \(y_0\in Y\) are fixed nonzero elements, and \(\varphi\) is a linear continuous map from \({\mathcal L}(X)\) onto \({\mathcal L}(Y)\), then there are constants \(m,~M>0\) such that \(m\iota_T(x_0)\leq\iota_{\varphi(T)}(y_0)\leq M\iota_T(x_0)\) for all \(T\in{\mathcal L}(X)\) if and only if there is a linear continuous bijection \(A:X\to Y\) and a nonzero scalar \(\alpha\) such that \(Ax_0=y_0\) and \(\varphi(T)=\alpha ATA^{-1}\) for all \(T\in{\mathcal L}(X)\).