Mixed norm and multidimensional Lorentz spaces (Q850599)

Let \(\mathbb{R}^n\) denote the \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean space consisting of \(n\)-tuples of real numbers. The distribution function \(\lambda_f\) and non-increasing rearrangement \(f^*\) of a Lebesgue measurable function \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) are defined by \[ \lambda_f(t)= \text{meas}(\{x\in \mathbb{R}^n: |f(x)|> t\}),\;f^*(s)= \text{inf}\{t: \lambda_f(t)\leq s\}. \] If \(f\) is Lebesgue measurable on \(\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\), then the following notation is applied in this paper: \(f^*_y(x,t)= f(x,.)^*(t)\); \(f^*_x(s,y)= f(.,y)^*(s)\); \(f^*_{2,1}(s,t)= f^*_{y,x}(s,t)= f^*_y(.,t)^*(s)\), \(f^*_{1,2}(s,t)= f^*_x(s,.)^*(t)\); \[ S^2(f)(s,t)= (st)^{-1} \int^s_0 \int^t_0 f(\rho,\tau)\,d\rho\,d\tau; \] \(f^{**}(s,t)= S^2(f^*_{yx})(s,t)\); \[ S_{2,1}(f)(s, t)= (1/s) \int^s_0 \Biggl((1/t) \int^t_0 f^*_y(.,t)\,dt\Biggr)^*_x(\rho)\,d\rho. \] If \(u\), \(v\) on \((0,\infty)\) and \(w\) on \((0,\infty)\times(0,\infty)\) are nonnegative `weight functions', and \(0< p<\infty\), then the Lorentz space \(\Lambda^p(\mathbb{R}^n,v)\), mixed weighted Lorentz space \(\Lambda^q(u)[\Lambda^p(v)]\), and the two-dimensional Lorentz space \(\Lambda^p_2(w)\) are defined, respectively, in terms of the finite norm expressions \(\|.\|_{p,v}\), \(\|.\|_{(q,u)[p,v]}\), \(\|.\|_{(p:2),w}\), where \[ \begin{aligned} \| f\|_{p,v}&= \Biggl(\int^\infty_0 f^*(t)^p v(t)\,dt\Biggr)^{1/p},\\ \| f\|_{(q,u)[p,v]}&= \Biggl\{\int^\infty_0 \Biggl[\Biggl(\int^\infty_0 (f^*_y(.,\tau)^p v(\tau)\, d\tau)^*_x(s)\Biggr)^{q/p}\Biggr]\,u(s)\,ds\Biggr\}^{1/q},\\ \| f\|_{(p:2),w}&= \Biggl(\int^\infty_0 f^*_{yx}(s, t)^p w(s,t)\,ds\,dt\Biggr)^{1/p}. \end{aligned} \] In the main initial theorem of this paper, the authors provide a number of equivalent statements relating to \(\Lambda^p(v)[\Lambda^p(u)]\) and \(\Lambda^p_2(uv)\), showing in particular that either of the spaces is normable if the other is normable and either of the spaces is normable if the Hardy operator \(S\) is a bounded linear operator in \(\Lambda^p(\mathbb{R}^n,\psi)\), in the cases \(\psi= u\) and \(\psi= v\). In further results, equivalent conditions are stated for the inclusions \(\Lambda^p(\mathbb{R}^2, u)\subset \Lambda^q_2(w)\), where \(0< p\leq q<\infty\).