Real moduli of complex objects: Surfaces and bundles (Q1261139)

Let \(M\) be a coarse moduli scheme defined over \(\mathbb{R}\). The complex conjugation induces an involution \(\sigma\) on \(M\) and it is usually denoted by \(M(\mathbb{R})\) the \(\sigma\)-invariant locus of \(M\). The paper under review is devoted to study the real part \(M(\mathbb{R})\) for many moduli spaces, mainly for \(M=M(r,c_ 1,c_ 2)\), the moduli of rank-\(r\) stable vector bundles on \(\mathbb{P}^ 2\) with Chern classes \(c_ 1\) and \(c_ 2\). The main result says that \(M(\mathbb{R})\) is connected for \(r=3\) and \(c_ 1\geq 6\). It is unknown if the same holds true for \(r=2\) but the author proves that it becomes connected by adding only stable torsion-free sheaves with very mild singularities. It should be mentioned that in contrast with what happens in the classical moduli \(M_ g\) of curves of genus \(g\), for \(M=M(r,c_ 1,c_ 2)\) two real objects are ``real- isomorphic'' if and only if they are ``complex-isomorphic''. As stressed by the author, the method chosen for the proofs gives the same information on other rational surfaces. The study of moduli problems in real algebraic geometry goes back to Klein and the interested reader is referred to the fundamental papers of \textit{M. Seppälä} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 387, 209-220 (1988; Zbl 0638.32020)], \textit{R. Silhol} [Invent. Math. 107, No. 1, 151-202 (1992; Zbl 0777.14014)] and the delicious survey by \textit{R. Silhol} in Real Algebraic Geometry, Proc. Conf., Rennes 1991, Lect. Notes Math. 1524, 110-119 (1992; Zbl 0786.14032).