On the Galois structure of some pro-\(p\)-extensions of number fields (Q2430665)

Let \(K\) be a number field and \(\Sigma\) a finite set of primes of \(K\). Fix a prime \(p\), and denote by \(K_\Sigma\) the maximal pro-\(p\) extension of \(K\) which is unramified outside \(\Sigma\). For a Galois extension \(L\) of \(K\) contained in \(K_\Sigma\), let \(\mathcal{H}=\text{Gal}(K_\Sigma\slash L)\) and \(G=\text{Gal}(L\slash K)\cong \mathcal{G}\slash\mathcal{H}\), and denote by \(\Lambda(G)\) the Iwasawa algebra \(\mathbb{Z}_p[[G]]\). Then \(\mathcal{X}=\text{Gal}(K_\Sigma\slash L)^{\text{ab}}\) has the structure of a compact \(\Lambda(G)\)-module, and the paper addresses the question under which conditions the module \(\mathcal{X}\) is free. In the first part of the paper, the author gives some criteria for the freeness of the \(\Lambda(\mathcal{G}\slash\mathcal{H})\)-module \(\mathcal{X}=\mathcal{H}^{\text{ab}}\), when \(\mathcal{G}\) is any pro-\(p\) group which is homologically of finite type and \(\mathcal{H}\) is any closed normal subgroup of \(\mathcal{G}\), and he estimates its rank. He then illustrates his theory by some arithmetical applications: First he considers examples of Galois extension \(L\) of \(K\) such that \(\text{Gal}(L\slash K)\) is a pro-\(p\) \(p\)-adic analytic group. In the case when \(L\) is the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(K\) and \(\Sigma\) is the set of primes of \(K\) above \(p\), he gives a new proof of a result of \textit{M. Harris} [Compos. Math. 121, No. 1, 105--108 (2000; Zbl 1060.14524)]. He then studies extensions where \(L=K_S\), where \(S\) is a subset of \(\Sigma\). In the case when \(S\) does not contain all the primes of \(K\) above \(p\), this gives rise to some interesting examples of \(\Lambda(G)\)-modules \(\mathcal{X}=\text{Gal}(K_\Sigma\slash K_S)^{\text{ab}}\) which are free and non-trivial, even when \(G\) is not a \(p\)-adic analytic group.