The essence of invertible frame multipliers in scalability (Q2135614)

A separable Hilbert space is denoted by \(\mathcal{H}.\) A Bessel operator is an operator of the form \[ M_{m, \phi, \psi} (f) = \sum_{i = 1}^{\infty} m_i \langle f, \psi_i \rangle \phi_i, \quad f \in \mathcal{H}, \] where \(\phi\) and \(\psi\) are Bessel sequences in \(\mathcal{H}\), and \(m\) is a bounded complex scalar sequence in \(\mathbb{C}\). The first result (Proposition 1) in this paper pertains to the invertibility of a Bessel operator associated with a given sequence of nonzero scalars \(m\) and a frame \(\Phi = \{\phi_n\}\) of \(\mathcal{H}\). Proposition 1 is then applied to obtain several results on scalability of frames. Scalability of frames addresses the question of when, for a given frame \(\Phi\), there exist scalars \(\{c_n\}\), \(c_n \geq 0\), such that \(\{c_n \phi_n \}\) is a tight frame. If \(c_n > 0\) for all \(n\), then \(\Phi\) is called positively scalable, and if \(\textrm{inf}_n c_n > 0\) then \(\Phi\) is called strictly scalable. \par The authors have shown that positive and strict scalability coincide for all frames \(\{ \phi_n \}_n\) with \(\lim \textrm{inf}_n \| \phi_n \| > 0\) which, in particular, provides some equivalent conditions for positive scalability of certain frames. In the process, the authors were able to completely characterize the scalability of Riesz bases and Riesz frames. Further, in the context of scalability of frames, by using Feichtinger Conjecture, the authors give \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) such that the elements of the scaling sequence \(\{c_n\}\) should be chosen from the interval \([\alpha, \beta]\) for all but finitely many \(n.\) In their result, the values of \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) depend on the optimal frame bounds of the frame \(\Phi\). The last result in the paper is of independent interest and gives an explicit algorithm to construct desired invertible multipliers from the given one.