Iwasawa main conjecture for Rankin-Selberg \(p\)-adic \(L\)-functions (Q2190840)

Let \textbf{f} be a Hida family of ordinary eigenforms new outside \(p\), of squarefree tame level \(N\) and with coefficient ring \(\mathbb{I}\supseteq \mathbb{Z}_p[[W]]\) (the ring of formal power series in one variable \(W\)), and let \(f\) be a weight 2 specialization of \textbf{f} which, moreover, has trivial nebentypus and is the ordinary stabilization of a newform of level \(N\). Let \(K/\mathbb{Q}\) be an imaginary quadratic field where \(p\) splits, \(K_\infty\) its \(\mathbb{Z}_p^2\)-extension with Galois group \(\mathrm{Gal}(K_\infty/K):=\Gamma_K\): for any finite extension \(L/\mathbb{Q}_p\), the associated Iwasawa algebra is \(\mathcal{O}_L[[\Gamma_K]]\) (where \(\mathcal{O}_L\) is the ring of integers of \(L\)). Let \(\xi\) be al \(L\)-valued Hecke character of \(\mathbb{A}_K^*/K^*\) with infinity type \(\left(\frac{k}{2},-\frac{k}{2}\right)\) for some even integer \(k\geqslant 6\), and such that its conductor has \(v\)-adic order \(\leqslant 1\) for any \(v|p\). To these objects (with some additional technical hypotheses on the Galois representations arising from \textbf{f} and other related items) the author associates: 1. The dual \(X_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K}\) (resp. \(X_{f,\xi,K}\)) of a Semer group, which is a finitely generated (torsion) module over the Iwasawa algebra \(\hat{\mathbb{I}}^{ur}[[\Gamma_K]]\) (resp. \(\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_L^{ur}[[\Gamma_K]]\), where \(\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_L^{ur}\) is the completion of the maximal unramified extension of \(\mathcal{O}_L\) and \(\hat{\mathbb{I}}^{ur}\) corresponds to an irreducible component of \(\mathbb{I}\widehat{\otimes}_{\mathcal{O}_L} \widehat{\mathcal{O}}_L^{ur}\)); 2. A \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function \(\mathcal{L}^{\mathrm{Hida}}_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K}\in \hat{\mathbb{I}}^{ur}[[\Gamma_K]]\) (resp. \(\mathcal{L}_{f,\xi,K}\in \widehat{\mathcal{O}}_L^{ur}[[\Gamma_K]]\otimes_{\mathcal{O}_L} L\)) interpolating the special values at \(\frac{k}{2}\) of the \(L\)-functions associated to the weight 2 specializations of \textbf{f}. The Iwasawa Main Conjecture predicts the equality between the characteristic ideal of \(X_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K}\) (resp. \(X_{f,\xi,K}\)) and the ideal generated by \(\mathcal{L}^{\mathrm{Hida}}_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K}\) (resp. \(\mathcal{L}_{f,\xi,K}\)) in the appropriate Iwasawa algebra, and the paper deals with the containment \((\mathcal{L})\supseteq \mathrm{Char} \,Id\) using a strategy inspired by \textit{C. Skinner} and \textit{E. Urban} [Invent. Math. 195, No. 1, 1--277 (2014; Zbl 1301.11074)] (the reverse inclusion is usually dealt with using some Euler system). The deal with the \(k\geqslant 6\) case the author provides \(p\)-adic families of Eisenstein series for the unitary group \(U(3,1)\) (which replaces the group \(U(2,2)\) of the Skinner-Urban paper mentioned above), whose constant terms interpolate the required special values of the \(p\)-adic \(L\)-functions. Computing their Fourier-Jacobi expansions and using pairings between eigenforms, one produces congruence relations between those series and cusp forms on \(GU(3,1)\), which lead to the required inequality for the divisibility of \((\mathcal{L}^{\mathrm{Hida}}_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K})\) and \(\mathrm{Char}_{\hat{\mathbb{I}}^{ur}[[\Gamma_K]]}(X_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K})\) (resp. \((\mathcal{L}_{f,\xi,K})\) and \(\mathrm{Char}_{\widehat{\mathcal{O}}^{ur}[[\Gamma_K]]\otimes_{\mathcal{O}_L} L}(X_{f,\xi,K})\)) by all height 1 primes of the appropriate Iwasawa algebra. It is worth mentioning that the main result for \(\mathcal{L}^{\mathrm{Hida}}_{\mathbf{f},\xi,K}\) requires some root numbers to be +1 (to use some nonvanishing results of \textit{M.-L. Hsieh} [Am. J. Math. 134, No. 6, 1503--1539 (2012; Zbl 1368.11049); Doc. Math. 19, 709--767 (2014; Zbl 1314.11034)]), while the result for \(\mathcal{L}_{f,\xi,K}\) has no such restriction and thus has relevant applications to the BSD conjecture for rank 1 elliptic curves (see [\textit{D. Jetchev} et al., Camb. J. Math. 5, No. 3, 369--434 (2017; Zbl 1401.11103)] and [\textit{C. Skinner}, Ann. Math. (2) 191, No. 2, 329--354 (2020; Zbl 1447.11071)]) and to the anticyclotomic Main Conjecture (see [\textit{X. Wan}, Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 37, No. 1, 104--120 (2021; Zbl 1464.11116)]).