\(K3\) surfaces with 9 cusps in characteristic \(p\) (Q2207267)

The complex \(K3\) surfaces with \(9\) cusps have been studied by topological methods in [\textit{W. Barth}, Geom. Dedicata 72, No. 2, 171--178 (1998; Zbl 1035.14014); in: Complex analysis and algebraic geometry. A volume in memory of Michael Schneider. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 41--59 (2000; Zbl 1067.14509)]. The aim of the current paper is to investigate the same problem on any algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(p \neq 3\). The main results of the paper, including Theorems 1.1 and 1.2, can be restated as follows. Theorem 1. Let \(X\) be a \(K3\) surface with \(9\) cusps defined over \(k\) of characteristic \(\neq 3\). Then \(X\) admits a triple covering by an abelian surface with an automorphism of order 3. Moreover, if \(X\) is supersingular, then either \(X\) has Artin invariant \(\sigma=1\), or \(X\) has Artin invariant \(\sigma=2\) and \(p\equiv -1\bmod 3\) In order to support their result, they provide ample examples containing abelian surfaces with an automorphism of order \(3\), which are treated in Proposition 1.3 and Theorem 1.4, as follows: Theorem 2. Let \(A\) be an abelian surface with an automorphism \(\sigma\) of order 3. 1) If \(A \sim E_1 \times E_2\), with non-isogenous elliptic curves \(E_i\), then the quotient \(A/\left<\sigma\right>\) is not birationally equivalent to a \(K3\) surface. 2) If \(A\) is a simple ordinary abelian variety, and \(\sigma\) is not a translation, then \(A/\left<\sigma\right>\) is birationally equivalent to a \(K3\) surface. In Section 2, the authors included the Lattice theory of \(K3\) surfaces with 9 cusps over algebraically fields of characteristic \(\neq 3\). The proof of above Theorem 1 is given in Sections 3 and 4, and Theorem 2 is proved through the sections 5 to 7. Finally, in Section 8, they exhibited explicit families of \(K3\) surfaces with nine cusps in any characteristic \(\neq 3\) such that covering abelian surfaces are generically simple.