Dimension of proper \(G\)-spaces (Q719718)

Let \(G\) be a Hausdorff topological group and \(X\) be a Tychonoff topological space. An action \(\theta\) of \(G\) on \(X\) is called continuous if \(\theta\) is continuous as a mapping of \(G\times X\) to \(X\). (For \(g\in G\) and \(x\in X\), the image \(\theta(g,x)\) is denoted by \(gx\).) The space \(X\) with a given continuous action of \(G\) on \(X\) is called a \(G\)-space. A \(G\)-space \(X\) is proper (in the sense of Palais) if each point of \(X\) has a neighborhood \(V\) such that for each \(x\) of \(X\) there is a neighborhood \(U\) of \(x\) for which the closure of \(\{g\in G: gU\cap V\neq\emptyset\}\) is compact. For a \(G\)-space \(X\), the quotient space \(X/G\) of all orbits \(G(x)=\{gx:g\in G\}\) is called the orbit space and the orbit map means the natural mapping \(p:X\to X/G\). In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between the covering dimensions of a proper \(G\)-space X and its orbit space \(X/G\). Indeed, they mainly prove the following: {\parindent4mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(G\) be a Lie group and \(X\) be a proper \(G\)-space with a metric \(\rho\) for which \(\rho(gx,gy)=\rho(x,y)\) for each \(x,y\in X\) and \(g\in G\). Then \(\dim X/G=\sup\{\dim X_{(H)}-\dim G/H:H\) is a compact subgroup of \(G\}\) and \(\dim X=\sup\{\dim\widetilde{X}_{(H)}+ \dim G/H:H \text{ is a compact subgroup }G\}\), where \(X_{(H)}=\{x\in X:\{g\in G:gx=g\}=hHh^{-1}\text{ for some }h\in G\}\) and \(\widetilde{X}_{(H)}\) is the orbit space of \(X_{(H)}\). \item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(G\) be a Lie group and \(X\) a proper \(G\)-space with a paracompact orbit space \(X/G\). Then \(\dim X/G\leq\dim X\). \item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(G\) be a locally compact group and \(X\) a proper \(G\)-space with a paracompact orbit space \(X/G\). Then \(\dim X\leq\dim X/G+ \sup\{\dim G(x):x\in X\}\). \item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(G\) be a locally compact group such that \(G\) is either pro-Lie or \(\sigma\)-compact or has a metrizable quotient group of connected components. If \(X\) is a proper \(G\)-space with a metrizable orbit space, then \(\text{Ind}\,X=\dim X\). \end{itemize}}