Value distribution of \(L\)-functions (Q858629)

This book presents recent results in the value-distribution theory of \(L\)-functions with emphasis on the phenomenon of universality. In 1975 \textit{S. M. Voronin} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 39, 475--486 (1975; Zbl 0315.10037)] proved that any nonvanishing analytic function can be approximated uniformly by certain shifts of the Riemann zeta-function in the critical strip. This spectacular universality property is proved for many Dirichlet series and it is conjectured that all reasonable \(L\)-functions are universal. In this book the author proves universality for polynomial Euler products. His approach follows mainly Bagchi's probabilistic method. The book is written in a narrative and reader friendly language. The author gives many examples, presents main hypotheses and problems in the recent theory of universality. There is a large bibliography of 372 entries. The book is recommended for everybody wanting to see the current panorama of the universality theory. The book consists of thirteen chapters, each of which is divided into several sections. In the Appendix a short history of the universality is given. The introduction is devoted to an overview on the value-distribution theory of the classical Riemann zeta-function and Dirichlet \(L\)-functions. In Chap. 2 the author introduces the class \(\widetilde{\mathcal S}\) of Dirichlet series. An \(L\)-function in \(\widetilde{\mathcal S}\) has a polynomial Euler product and satisfies some hypothesis which may be regarded as some kind of prime number theorem; besides, it is required analytic continuation to the left of the half-plane of absolute convergence for the associated Dirichlet series in addition with some growth condition. The nearest aim is to prove universality theorem for these \(L\)-functions. Chap. 3 contains some basic facts from probability theory and measure theory. In Chap. 4 it is proved along the lines of Laurinčikas extension of Bagchi's method a limit theorem (in the sense of weakly convergent probability measures) for functions in the class \(\widetilde{\mathcal S}\). In the following chapter the author gives the proof of the main result, a universality theorem for \(L\)-functions in \(\widetilde{\mathcal S}\). The proof depends on the limit theorem of the previous chapter and so-called positive density method, recently introduced by Laurinčikas and Matsumoto. Chap. 8 turns to the well known Selberg class \(\mathcal S\) consisting of Dirichlet series with Euler product and a functional equation of the Riemann-type. It is expected that the Selberg class consists of all automorphic \(L\)-functions. Hypothetically, \(\mathcal S\) is a subclass of \(\widetilde{\mathcal S}\). Hence, the general universality theorem proved in Chap. 4 extends to the Selberg class, unconditionally for many of the classical \(L\)-functions and conditionally to all elements of \(\mathcal S\). In Chap. 6 the author considers the value-distribution of Dirichlet series \(\mathcal L(s)\) with functional equation in the complex plane. Following Levinson's approach he proves asymptotic formulas for \(c\)-values of \(\mathcal L(s)\) and gives applications in Nevanlinna theory. The main themes of Chap. 8 are almost periodicity and the Riemann hypothesis. Bohr observed that the Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet \(L\)-functions associated with non-principal characters is equivalent to almost periodicity in the right half of the critical strip. Applying Voronin's universality theorem, Bagchi was able to extend this result to the Riemann zeta-function in proving that if the Riemann zeta-function can approximate itself uniformly in the sense of Voronin's theorem, then Riemann's hypothesis is true, and vice versa. The author gives an extension of Bagchi's theorem to other \(L\)-functions. Chap. 9 deals with the problem of effectivity. The known proofs of universality are ineffective, giving neither bounds for the first approximating shift nor for their density (with the exception of particular results due to Good, Laurinčikas and the reviewer). Here some explicit upper bounds for the density of universality are obtained. The author also proves several explicit estimates for the value-distribution of Dirichlet series in the half-plane of absolute convergence. Chap. 10 is devoted to various applications of universality. Chap. 11 considers universality of Dirichlet series associated with periodic arithmetical functions. Chap. 12 deals with joint (simultaneous) universality of several zeta-functions. In Chap. 13 \(L\)-functions of number fields are investigated. Here the author obtains universality for many classical \(L\)-functions, including Dedekind zeta-functions, Hecke and Artin \(L\)-functions.