On the equation \(x^p+y^q=z^r\): a survey (Q1124970)

The author surveys known results about the equation \(x^{p}+y^{q}=z^{r}\), where \(p,q,r\geq 2\) are integers. This study is divided according to the sign of \(\chi(p,q,r)=\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{r}-1\). For instance, in the case where \(\chi(p,q,r)<0\) the attempt to obtain solutions of this equation is closely connected to modular representations of the absolute Galois group over \(\mathbb{Q}\) of dimension \(2\) in positive characteristic.