Global dynamics and bifurcations analysis of a two-dimensional discrete-time Lotka-Volterra model (Q1646500)

Summary: In this paper, global dynamics and bifurcations of a two-dimensional discrete-time Lotka-Volterra model have been studied in the closed first quadrant \(\mathbb{R}^2\). It is proved that the discrete model has three boundary equilibria and one unique positive equilibrium under certain parametric conditions. We have investigated the local stability of boundary equilibria \(O(0,0)\), \(A \left((\alpha_1 - 1) / \alpha_3, 0\right)\), \(B \left(0,(\alpha_4 - 1) / \alpha_6\right)\) and the unique positive equilibrium \(C \left(((\alpha_1 - 1) \alpha_6 - \alpha_2(\alpha_4 - 1)) /(\alpha_3 \alpha_6 - \alpha_2 \alpha_5),(\alpha_3(\alpha_4 - 1) + \alpha_5(1 - \alpha_1)) /(\alpha_3 \alpha_6 - \alpha_2 \alpha_5)\right)\), by the method of linearization. It is proved that the discrete model undergoes a period-doubling bifurcation in a small neighborhood of boundary equilibria \(A \left((\alpha_1 - 1) / \alpha_3, 0\right), B \left(0,(\alpha_4 - 1) / \alpha_6\right)\) and a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation in a small neighborhood of the unique positive equilibrium \(C \left(((\alpha_1 - 1) \alpha_6 - \alpha_2(\alpha_4 - 1)) /(\alpha_3 \alpha_6 - \alpha_2 \alpha_5),(\alpha_3(\alpha_4 - 1) + \alpha_5(1 - \alpha_1)) /(\alpha_3 \alpha_6 - \alpha_2 \alpha_5)\right) .\) Further it is shown that every positive solution of the discrete model is bounded and the set \(\left[0, \alpha_1 / \alpha_3\right] \times \left[0, \alpha_4 / \alpha_6\right]\) is an invariant rectangle. It is proved that if \(\alpha_1 < 1\) and \(\alpha_4 < 1\), then equilibrium \(O(0,0)\) of the discrete model is a global attractor. Finally it is proved that the unique positive equilibrium \(C \left(((\alpha_1 - 1) \alpha_6 - \alpha_2(\alpha_4 - 1)) /(\alpha_3 \alpha_6 - \alpha_2 \alpha_5),(\alpha_3(\alpha_4 - 1) + \alpha_5(1 - \alpha_1)) /(\alpha_3 \alpha_6 - \alpha_2 \alpha_5)\right)\) is a global attractor. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate theoretical results.