Moduli of Bridgeland semistable objects on 3-folds and Donaldson-Thomas invariants (Q1717245)

The notion of stability conditions on a triangulated category was introduced by \textit{T. Bridgeland} [Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 2, 317--345 (2007; Zbl 1137.18008)], following the physics notion of $\Pi$-stability of \textit{M. R. Douglas} [in: Proceedings of the international congress of mathematicians, ICM 2002, Beijing, China, August 20--28, 2002. Vol. III: Invited lectures. Beijing: Higher Education Press; Singapore: World Scientific/distributor. 395--408 (2002; Zbl 1008.81074)]. \par Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a triangulated category. A Bridgeland stability condition $\sigma=(Z,\mathcal{A})$ consists of a heart of t-structure $\mathcal{A}$ in the triangulated category $\mathcal{D}$, and a $\mathbb{C}$-linear homomorphism $Z$ from the Grothendieck group $K(\mathcal{D})$ of $\mathcal{D}$ to $\mathbb{C}$ with some natural assumptions. The collection of stability conditions forms a complex manifold $\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})$. A fundamental example is by taking $\mathcal{D}$ to be the bounded derived category $D^b\mathrm{Coh}(X)$ of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective variety $X$ over $\mathbb{C}$. In this case the space of stability conditions is denoted by $\mathrm{Stab}(X)$. \par Let $X$ be a smooth projective 3-fold. Let $B\in\mathrm{NS}(X)_{\mathbb{Q}}$ and $\omega=m H$ for some ample divisor class $H\in\mathrm{NS}(X)$ with $m^2\in\mathbb{Q}_{>0}$. In the article under review, the main theorem (Theorem 4.2) states that the moduli stack $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma}(v)$ of Bridgeland $\sigma$-semistable objects with fixed numerical class $v$ on $X$ is a quasi-proper algebraic stack of finite type over $\mathbb{C}$ if the conjectural generalized Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality holds on $X$, where $\sigma=\sigma_{\omega, B}=(Z_{\omega, B}, \mathcal{A}_{\omega, B})\in \mathrm{Stab}(X)$ is constructed in formula (3.14), and the numerical class of $E\in \mathcal{A}_{\omega, B}$ means the vector \[(\omega^3\mathrm{ch}_0^{B}(E), \omega^2\mathrm{ch}_1^{B}(E), \omega\mathrm{ch}_2^{B}(E), \mathrm{ch}_3^{B}(E)),\] with the convention $\mathrm{ch}^{B}(E)=e^{-B}\mathrm{ch}(E)$. Here an algebraic stack is called quasi-proper if it satisfies the valuative criterion of properness in Proposition 2.44 of [\textit{T. L. Gómez}, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Math. Sci. 111, No. 1, 1--31 (2001; Zbl 0982.14005)] without the separatedness. \par To prove the theorem, the authors generalize the double-tilting construction of the heart by \textit{A. Bayer} et al. [J. Algebr. Geom. 23, No. 1, 117--163 (2014; Zbl 1306.14005)], via the notion of very weak stability condition (see Definition 2.3). Two main ingredients in the proof are the boundedness (Definition 4.3) and the generic flatness (Definition 4.4) statements, which were previously studied by the second named author when $X$ is a $K3$ surface [\textit{Y. Toda}, Adv. Math. 217, No. 6, 2736--2781 (2008; Zbl 1136.14007)]. The authors show that the boundedness and the generic flatness are preserved under the tilting of very weak stability conditions. \par In the last part of the paper, as an application of the main theorem, the authors define Donaldson-Thomas invariants counting Bridgeland semistable objects objects on smooth Calabi-Yau 3-folds satisfying the Bogomolov-Gieseker conjecture.