Fractals and chaos related to Ising-Onsager-Zhang lattices. Quaternary approach vs. ternary approach (Q2422699)

The paper gives a sketchy description of the Galois extension structure of the nonion algebra (Theorems 1 and 2) and provides next an analogous procedure for Gell-Mann's \(\mathrm{SU}(3)\) matrix algebra (Theorem 3). The ultimate goal is to introduce the notion of color and to investigate the current (group theoretic) systematics of elementary particles in new structural (Galois extensions) terms. The main ideas of the paper stem from the algebraization attempts of Onsager's Ising model in 2D and 3D, c.f. [\textit{Z.-D. Zhang}, ``Conjectures on exact solution of three-dimensional (3D) simple orthorhombic Ising lattices'', Phil. Mag. 87, 5309--5419 (2007; \url{doi.org/10.1080/14786430701646325}); \textit{Z. Zhang} et al., Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr. 29, No. 1, Paper No. 12, 28 p. (2019; Zbl 1412.82015)], as well as from earlier research by the present authors on the commutative and noncommutative Galois theory for binary and ternary Clifford analysis, these for the nonion algebra and its application to the construction of the quark model, addressing the issue of generations. The Galois extensions methodology provides a mathematical procedure applicable both in the condensed matter physics and the physics of elementary particles. A number of further algebraic prospects is outlined like, e.g., an analysis of three quaternaries in comparison with that for four ternaries. The last section of the paper gives a systematics of various mappings like, e.g., those from binaries to ternaries, ternaries to quaternaries, related Galois extensions, related Dirac-like operators and noncommutative Galois extensions.