Fundamental units of real quadratic fields of odd class number (Q2637452)

Let \(K=\mathbb Q(\sqrt{d})\) be a real quadratic field, where \(d\) is a squarefree positive integer. Suppose that \(x+y\sqrt{d}\) is a unit of \(K\), where \((x,y)\) (with \(x,y > 0\)), is the fundamental integer solution of the Fermat-Pell equation \(X^2-dY^2=1\). When \(d\) is in \(\{p,2p,p_1p_2\}\; (p, p_1, p_2\) primes) with a few extra conditions making \(K\) of odd class number, the author exhibits congruences modulo 2 or 4 for \(x,y\). He also gives some applications of his results for solving the Diophantine equation \(X^2-dY^2=NZ^2\).