Maximum principles, extension problem and inversion for nonlocal one-sided equations (Q2634223)

The authors study the one-sided nonlocal equation of the form \[ \int^\infty_{x_0}\frac{u(x)-u(x_0)}{(x-x_0)^{1+\alpha}}dx=f(x_0) \] on \(\mathbb{R}\), where \(0<\alpha<1\). It is shown that the operator above corresponds to a fractional power of one-sided first order derivative. Furthermore, the maximum principles and a characterization with an extension problem in the spirit of Caffarelli-Stinga-Torrea are derived, proved and discussed. Some suitable inversion results are presented and also several notions of fractional derivatives in the literature are harmonized and clarified.