Solitary pulses in linearly coupled cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equations (Q2581141)

This paper introduces a model based on a symmetric system of linearly coupled one-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equations, with cubic-quintic (CQ) nonlinearities in the dissipative and conservative parts of the equations: \[ iU_{z}+(1/2)U_{tt}+| U| ^2U=i\delta U+i\varepsilon | U| ^2U+i\beta U_{tt}-(i\mu-\nu)| U| ^4U-\kappa V, \] \[ iV_{z}+(1/2)V_{tt}+| V| ^2V=i\delta V+i\varepsilon | V| ^2V+i\beta V_{tt}-(i\mu-\nu)| V| ^4V-\kappa U, \] with the coupling constant \(\kappa\), and coefficients \(\delta <0\) and \(\varepsilon>0,\beta>0,\mu>0\) accounting for the gain and loss in the model; \(\nu\) is a coefficient of the quintic self-defocusing, competing with the cubic self-focusing. In nonlinear optics, the system models a twin-core fiber laser. The work aims to study spontaneous symmetry breaking in solitary pulses (``dissipative solitons''). For this purpose, direct simulations are used, with the aim to reach stable solitary-pulse states as \textit{attractors} of the system of the linearly coupled CQ CGL equations. Different initial conditions lead to a set of different established states, including symmetric and asymmetric stationary pulses, \textit{split pulses} (with separated centers of the two components), and breathers (oscillating solitons which feature long-period beatings). Two diagrams of the stable states are constructed, starting from initial conditions of two different types. The system demonstrates hysteresis, which chiefly includes bistability, and in some cases tristability as well.