Hypersymplectic Lie algebras (Q2507660)

A hypersymplectic structure on a \(4n\)-dimensional manifold \(M\) is a complex product structure, i.e. a triple \((J, E, g)\), where \(J\) is a complex structure, \(E\) is a product structure and \(g\) is a compatible metric of signature \((2n, 2n)\) such that the associated \(2\)-forms \[ \omega_1(X,Y)=g(JX,Y), \omega_2(X,Y)=g(EX,Y), \omega_3(X,Y)=g(JEX,Y) \] are closed. This type of structures was introduced by \textit{N. Hitchin} in [``Hypersymplectic quotients'', Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 124, Suppl., 169--180 (1990)] and they are also known in the literature as neutral hyper-Kähler structures or para-Kähler structures. In [''Neutral hyperkähler structures on primary Kodaira surfaces,'' Tsukuba J. Math. 23, No. 2, 321--332 (1999; Zbl 0948.53023)] \textit{H. Kamada} determined the compact complex surfaces which admit hypersymplectic structures, showing that they are either complex tori or primary Kodaira surfaces. By [\textit{A. Fino, H. Pedersen, Y. S. Poon} and \textit{M. W. Sörensen}, ``Neutral Calabi-Yau structures on Kodaira manifolds,'' Commun. Math. Phys. 248, No. 2, 255--268 (2004; Zbl 1058.32018)] Kodaira manifolds, which are a particular type of \(2\)-step nilmanifolds, admit (non flat and non invariant) hypersymplectic structures. Moreover, in [\textit{A. Andrada} and \textit{I. Dotti}, ``Double products and hypersymplectic structures on \({\mathbb R}^{4n}\),'' Commun. Math. Phys. 262, No. 1, 1--16 (2006; Zbl 1105.53037)] examples of hypersymplectic nilmanifolds are given, where in this case the hypersymplectic structures are invariant. In the present paper the author studies hypersymplectic structures on Lie algebras and in particular he obtains a classification of four dimensional real Lie algebras endowed with hypersymplectic structures. He shows that, given a hypersymplectic structure \((J, E, g)\) on a Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\), there exist two triples \(({\mathfrak g}_+,\nabla^+,\omega_+)\) and \(({\mathfrak g}_-,\nabla^-,\omega_-)\), where \(({\mathfrak g}_{\pm},\omega_{\pm})\) is a Lie algebra endowed with a symplectic structure \(\omega_{\pm}\) such that \({\mathfrak g} = {\mathfrak g}_+ \oplus {\mathfrak g}_-\), \({\mathfrak g}_- = J {\mathfrak g}_+\) and \(\omega_+(x,y)=\omega_-(Jx,Jy)\), the connection \(\nabla^{\pm}\) is torsion-free and \(\omega_{\pm}\) is parallel with respect to \(\nabla^{\pm}\). In order to obtain the classification in dimension four he determines the flat torsion-free connections on the \(2\)-dimensional Lie algebras which are compatible with a symplectic form and he determines their equivalence classes. He proves that a complex product structure on a Lie algebra admits at most one compatible metric, up to a multiplicative constant, and as main result he shows that in dimension four there are only four Lie algebras which admit hypersymplectic structures: the abelian Lie algebra, a central extension of the three-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra \({\mathfrak h}_3\), an extension of \({\mathbb R}^3\) and an extension of \({\mathfrak h}_3\).