Complex multiplication cycles and Kudla-Rapoport divisors (Q456673)

In the article under review, the author considers two kinds of cycles on a unitary Shimura variety \(M\) of signature \((n-1,1)\), which is defined over a quadratic imaginary field \(K_0\). The first kind of cycles is the Kudla-Rapoport divisors \(Z(m)\) and their integral models \(\mathcal{Z}(m)\), and the second is the integral model \(\chi_\Phi\) of a \(0\)-cycle \(X_\Phi\) on \(M\) whose construction is based on a fixed CM field \(K\) of degree \(n\) over \(K_0\) and a CM type \(\Phi\) satisfying some signature condition. The main results in the article under review are that the intersection multiplicities of \(\mathcal{Z}(m)\cap \chi_\Phi\) agree with Fourier coefficients of certain Hilbert modular Eisenstein series. These results are new cases of conjectures of Kudla and suggest a Gross-Zagier theorem for unitary Shimura varieties. Precisely, let \(\iota: K_0\to \mathbb{C}\) be the inclusion and let \(\bar{\iota}\) be its conjugation. For nonnegative integers \(r,s\), let \(\mathcal{M}_{(r,s)}\) be the algebraic stack over \(\mathrm{Spec}(\mathcal{O}_{K_0})\) whose functor of points assigns to every \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\)-scheme \(S\) the groupoid of tripes \((A,\kappa,\lambda)\) in which \(A\to S\) is an abelian scheme of relative dimension \(r+s\), \(\kappa: \mathcal{O}_{K_0}\to \mathrm{End}(A)\) is an action of \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\) on \(A\), and \(\lambda: A\to A^\vee\) is a principle polarization. In this article, the author fixed a positive integer \(n\) and focused on the case of signature \((n-1,1)\). Let \(\mathcal{M}=\mathcal{M}_{(1,0)}\times_{\mathcal{O}_{K_0}}\times \mathcal{M}_{(n-1,1)}\) be the main stack. For an \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\)-scheme \(S\), an \(S\)-valued point of \(\mathcal{M}\) is a sextuple \((A_0,\kappa_0,\lambda_0,A,\kappa,\lambda)\) with \[ (A_0,\kappa_0,\lambda_0)\in \mathcal{M}_{(1,0)}(S),\quad (A,\kappa,\lambda)\in \mathcal{M}_{(n-1,1)}(S). \] If \(S\) is connected and \((A_0,A)\in \mathcal{M}(S)\), the projective \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\)-module of finite rank \[ L(A_0,A)=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{O}_{K_0}}(A_0,A) \] comes equipped with a positive definite \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\)-valued Hermitian form \[ \langle f_1,f_2\rangle=\lambda_0^{-1}\circ f_2^\vee \circ \lambda \circ f_1. \] For an integer \(m\neq 0\), the Kudla-Rapoport divisor \(\mathcal{Z}(m)\) is the moduli stack over \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\) whose \(S\)-valued points are triples \((A_0,A,f)\) with \((A_0,A)\in \mathcal{M}(S)\) and \(f\in L(A_0,A)\) satisfying \(\langle f,f\rangle=m\). The second type of cycles is constructed from abelian varieties with complex multiplication. Let \(F\) be a totally real étale \(\mathbb{Q}\)-algebra of dimension \(n\), and fix a CM type \(\Phi\) of \(K=F\otimes_{\mathbb{Q}}K_0\) of signature \((n-1,1)\). Let \(K_{\Phi}\subset \mathbb{C}\) be a number field containing both \(K_0\) and the reflex field of \(\Phi\), and set \(\mathcal{O}_{\Phi}=\mathcal{O}_{K_\Phi}\). Let \(\mathcal{CM}_\Phi\) be the algebraic stack over \(\mathcal{O}_\Phi\) classifying principally polarized abelian schemes with complex multiplication by \(\mathcal{O}_K\) and CM type \(\Phi\). Then \[ \chi_\Phi=\mathcal{M}_{(1,0)}/{\mathcal{O}_\Phi}\times_{\mathcal{O}_\Phi}\mathcal{CM}_\Phi, \] whose \(S\)-valued point is a pair \((A_0,A)\in \mathcal{M}(S)\) together with an extension of the \(\mathcal{O}_{K_0}\)-action on \(A\) to complex multiplication by \(\mathcal{O}_K\). The intersection \(\mathcal{Z}(m)\cap \chi_\Phi\) naturally decomposes as a disjoint union of \(0\)-dimensional stacks \(\mathcal{Z}_{\Phi}(\alpha)\), where the index \(\alpha\) ranges over those totally positive elements of the maximal totally real subfield \(F\subset K\) that satisfy \(\mathrm{Tr}_{F/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)=m\). The Arakelov degree of \(\mathcal{Z}_{\Phi}(\alpha)\) is essentially defined to be the sum of the lengths of the local rings of all geometric points, and the intersection multiplicity of \(\chi_\Phi\) with \(\mathcal{Z}(m)\) is obtained by adding together the degrees of those \(\mathcal{Z}_{\Phi}(\alpha)\) with \(\mathrm{Tr}_{F/\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)=m\). The author has showed that this intersection multiplicity is equal to the \(m\)-th Fourier coefficient of the central derivative of the pullback of a weight one Hilbert modular Eisenstein series \(\varepsilon_{\Phi}(\tau,s)\) via the diagonal embedding of the upper half plane into a product of upper half planes.