Indefinite weight nonlinear problems with Neumann boundary conditions (Q2400646)

The paper concerns the existence of multiple positive solutions to the second-order differential equation \[ u''+a(t)g(u)=0 \] posed on the bounded interval \([0,T]\) and associated with Neumann boundary conditions \(u'(0)=u'(T)=0\). The function \(g\) is such that \(g(0)=0\) and \(g(s)>0\) for positive \(s\) while the coefficient \(a\) has indefinite sign. The central assumption is in fact a form of oscillation at infinity expressed as \[ \liminf\limits_{t\to\infty}\frac{G(u)}{u^2}=0< \limsup\limits_{t\to\infty}\frac{G(u)}{u^2}. \] The authors use an analysis of trajectories of an associated phase-plane system together with several integral inequalities. As application, multiple radially symmetric solutions are proved to exist for the Neumann problem associated with the equation: \[ \triangle u+a(x)g(u)=0. \]