Minimal generating set for semi-invariants of quivers of dimension two (Q630547)

Let \(\mathcal{Q}=(\mathcal{Q}_{0},\mathcal{Q}_{1})\) be a quiver, where \(\mathcal{Q}_{0}\) is the set of vertices and \(\mathcal{Q}_{1}\) the set of arrows, over an infinite field \(\mathbb{F}.\) Fix a dimension vector \(\mathbf{n}=(\mathbf{n}_{\nu}\mid\nu\in\mathcal{Q}_{0}),\) and let \(H=H(\mathcal{Q},\mathbf{n})\) be the space of representations of \(\mathcal{Q}\) of \(\mathbf{n},\) and let \(\mathbb{F}\left[ H\right] \) be the coordinate ring of \(H\). Then \(\text{GL}(\mathbf{n})=\prod\text{GL}(\mathbf{n}_{\nu})\) acts on \(H\), where the product is over all \(\mathbf{n}_{\nu}\in\mathcal{Q} _{0},\) and this action restricts to an action of SL\((\mathbf{n})\) on \(H.\) The algebra of semi-invariants is defined to be \(\mathbb{F}\left[ H\right] ^{\text{SL}(\mathbf{n})},\) and is denoted by \(SI(\mathcal{Q},\mathbf{n}),\) or simply \(SI(\mathcal{Q})\). In [\textit{S. Fedotov}, ``Semi-invariants of \(2\)-representations of quivers'', \url{arXiv:0909.4489v1}], a set of generators for the \(\mathbb{F}\)-algebra \(SI(\mathcal{Q})\) is given in the case where \(\mathbb{F}\) has characteristic zero and \(\mathbf{n=}(2,2,\dots,2)\). In the work under review, the author extends the result of Fedetov in two ways. First, the result mentioned above is extended to arbitrary characteristic: indeed, the result remains the same provided \(\mathbb{F}\) does not have characteristic two, in which case one must add more generators. Second, and the major focus of the paper, the author finds a set of generators which in minimal; as with the first generalization, the case where char \(\mathbb{F=}2\) is exceptional. Throughout, the dimension vector remains \((2,2,\dots,2).\) Suppose that char \(\mathbb{F}=2.\) To each \(a\in\mathcal{Q}_{1}\) with head and tail \(a^{\prime}\) and \(a^{\prime\prime}\) respectively we assign an \(\mathbf{n}_{a^{\prime}}\times\mathbf{n}_{a^{\prime\prime}}\) matrix \(X_{a}.\) More generally, if \(a=a_{1}\cdots a_{s}\) is a path then \(X_{a}=X_{a_{1}}\cdots X_{a_{s}}.\) Furthermore, let \(\mathcal{S}_{2}\) be a maximal subset of tree paths whose elements have pairwise different multidegrees. Then \(\left\{ \det(X_{a}),\text{tr}(X_{b})\mid a\in \mathcal{Q}_{1},b\in\mathcal{S}_{2}\right\} \) is a minimal generating set for \(SI(\mathcal{Q}).\) In the case where char \(\mathbb{F\neq}2\) the set above still generates \(SI(\mathcal{Q}),\) however it is no longer minimal. Under this assumption on \(\mathbb{F}\) we let \(\mathcal{S}_{1}\) be a maximal subset of tree paths whose elements have pairwise different multidegrees, with the additional restriction that they are admissible. Then \(\left\{ \det(X_{a}),\text{tr}(X_{b})\mid a\in\mathcal{Q}_{1} ,b\in\mathcal{S}_{1}\right\} \) is a minimal generating set for \(SI(\mathcal{Q}).\) As a consequence of the above theorems, different quivers with isomorphic underlying graphs (i.e., the quivers are isomorphic if we ignore the orientation of the arrows) have isomorphic semi-invariant algebras; additionally, the isomorphism preserves multidegrees. This result does not extend to higher dimensions, as is illustrated in an example where \(\mathbf{n}=(3,3).\) Examples are given where \(\mathcal{Q}\) is a tree-like quiver (i.e., every primitive closed path in the underlying graph of \(\mathcal{Q}\) is a tree) as well as quivers with two vertices.