A weak-type expression of the Orlicz modular (Q6040005)

A Young function \(\Phi:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) is a continuous convex function vanishing at zero. One says that \(\Phi\) satisfies the \(\Delta_2\)-condition if there is \(k>0\) such that \(\Phi(2t)\le k\Phi(t)\) for all \(t>0\). Let \(\Delta_2(\Phi)\) denote the infimum of all such \(k\). One says that a measurable function \(u:\mathbb{R}^N\to\mathbb{R}\) belongs to the Orlicz class \(\mathcal{L}^\Phi\) if \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}\Phi(|u(x)|) \, dx<\infty\). Let \(\omega_N\) denote the volume of the unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^N\). The main result of the paper says the following. Let \(\Phi\) be a Young function satisfying the \(\Delta_2\)-condition and \(u\in\mathcal{L}^\Phi\). For every \(t>0\), define \[ E_t:=\left\{(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^{2N}:x\ne y, \frac{\Phi(|u(x)-u(y)|)}{|x-y|^N}\ge\Phi(t)\right\}. \] Then \[ 2\omega_N\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}\Phi(|u(x)|) \, dx =\lim_{t\to 0^+}\Phi(t)|E_t|_{2N}, \] where \(|E_t|_{2N}\) stands for the Lebesgue measure of \(E_t\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{2N}\). Furthermore, \[ 2\omega_N\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}\Phi(|u(x)|) \, dx \le \sup_{t>0}\Phi(t)|E_t|_{2N} \le 2\omega_N\Delta_2(\Phi)\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}\Phi(|u(x)|) \, dx. \]