Boundedness of solutions for reversible systems (Q1880879)

The author studies the boundedness of the second-order differential equation \[ (\varphi_p(x'))'f(x)\varphi_p(x^-)+g(x)=e(t), \] where \(\varphi_p(u)=| u| ^{p-2}u\), \(p>1\), \(f, g\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}\backslash\{0\})\) are odd functions, \(e \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}/Z))\) is odd. Set \(G(x)=\int_0^xg(s)ds\). Assume that conditions as follows hold: (i) \(xg(x)>0\), there exist two positive constants \(a\), \(b\) such that \(\frac{1}{2q}<a<\frac{G(x)g(x)}{g^2(x)}\leq b<\frac{1}{q}\); (ii) \(| x^k\frac{d^kG(x)}{dx^k}| \leq CG(x)\), \(k\geq 0\), where \(C\) is a positive constant; (iii) \(| x^k\frac{d^kf(x)}{dx^k}| \leq C| x|^{-\tau} G(x)\), \(k\geq 0\). Under the conditions above, it is proved that every solution of the given equation is bounded. The method for proving the boundedness of the equation is standard. By means of transformation theory, the equation is transformed into a perturbation of an integral Hamiltonian system. The Poincaré map of the transformed system is close to a twist map. Then Moser's twist theorem [\textit{M. B. Sevryuk}, Reversible systems. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1211. Subseries USSR. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1986; Zbl 0661.58002)] guarantees the existence of arbitrarily large invariant curves, which leads to the boundedness of the solutions.