Order \(5\) Brauer-Manin obstructions to the integral Hasse principle on log \(K3\) surfaces (Q6043797)

For a variety \(X\) over a number field \(k\) with an integral model \(\mathcal{X}\) over Spec \(\mathcal{O}_k\), we say that \(\mathcal{X}\) fails the integral Hasse principle if it contains an integral adelic point (i.e., local points), but no integral point. This failure can sometimes be explained by an integral Brauer-Manin obstruction, introduced by \textit{J.-L. Colliot-Thélène} and \textit{F. Xu} [Compos. Math. 145, No. 2, 309--363 (2009; Zbl 1190.11036)] and based on the Brauer-Manin obstruction by \textit{Yu. I. Manin} [Actes Congr. Int. Math. 1970, No. 1, 401--411 (1971; Zbl 0239.14010)]. A Brauer-Manin obstuction is induced by an element of the Brauer group Br \(X\) of the variety, and the order of this element in Br \(X\)/Br \(k\) is called the order of the Brauer-Manin obstruction. In this paper the author studies Brauer-Manin obstructions to the integral Hasse principle on log \(K3\) surfaces of dP5 type, which are obtained by removing an effective anticanonical divisor from a del Pezzo surface of degree 5. He constructs two families of log \(K3\) surfaces over \(\mathbb{Q}\) for which a positive proportion of fibers has a Brauer-Manin obstruction to the integral Hasse principle. These families are constructed by fixing a del Pezzo surface \(X\) and varying effective anticanonical divisors \(C\), which is a novel approach. Moreover, both families contain Brauer-Manin obstructions of order 5, which are the first examples of higher odd order Brauer-Manin obstructions on any type of scheme; all other known examples of the Brauer-Manin obstruction to the (integral) Hasse principle are of either order 2 or 3. This is the highest possible prime order for such an obstruction on log \(K3\) surfaces, as follows from [\textit{M. Bright} and \textit{J. Lyczak}, Mich. Math. J. 68, No. 2, 377--384 (2019; Zbl 1420.14084)]. Theorems 0.1 to 0.3 summarize the main results in the paper. In Theorem 0.1 it is shown that for a log \(K3\) surface \(U\) of dP5 type, the group Br \(U\)/Br \(\mathbb{Q}\) is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}/5\mathbb{Z}\) if the splitting field of the corresponding del Pezzo surface is cyclic of order 5, and trivial otherwise. The author defines del Pezzo surfaces of degree 5 to be interesting if they have such a splitting field, and shows that all interesting surfaces with the same splitting field are isomorphic. By explicitly constructing an integral model of an interesting del Pezzo surface of degree 5 with splitting field \(\mathbb{Q}(\alpha),\;\alpha=\zeta_{11}+\zeta_{11}^{-1}\), the author obtains a family of log \(K3\) surfaces by removing geometrically irreducible hyperplane sections from the model. It is shown in Theorem 0.2 that the existence of an algebraic Brauer-Manin obstruction to the integral Hasse principle on such a log \(K3\) surface only depends on the reduction of the hyperplane modulo 11, and moreover, there exists a hyperplane for which the corresponding log \(K3\) surface has an order 5 Brauer-Manin obstruction to the integral Hasse principle. A similar construction is done for an interesting del Pezzo surface of degree 5 with splitting field \(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{25})\), where, contrary to the previous construction, the prime 5 is wildly ramified. Theorem 0.3 shows that the existence of an algebraic Brauer-Manin obstruction to the integral Hasse principle now depends on the reduction of the hyperplane modulo 25, and there exists such a hyperplane for which the resulting log \(K3\) surface has an order 5 obstruction.